Table 1 Summary of recent research results for H2 sensors based on Pd-decorated graphene, Pd/graphene composites, and related materials, operating at room temperature.
From: Chemically deposited palladium nanoparticles on graphene for hydrogen sensor applications
Pd Deposition Methods | Sensing Material | Pd NP diameter (d) or Pd layer thickness (t) | Graphene Synthesis Method | Response Value | Response/Recovery Time | Selectivity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Galvanic displacement | PMMA/Pd NP/CVD-G | d = 20 nm | CVD | 66.37% (20000 ppm) | 1.81/5.52 min | CO, NO2, CH4 | |
e-beam evaporation | Pd NP/MLGN | t = 1 nm | Expanded flake graphite | 55% (40 ppm) | 21/23 s* | NH3, O2 cross-sensitivity | |
e-beam evaporation | Pd NP/CVD-G | t = 1 nm | CVD | 4.1% (500 ppm) | 3.5/7.77 min | ||
Thermal evaporation | Pd NP/CVD-G | t = 3 nm | CVD | 32.9% (1000ppm) | 10/3.5 min | ||
Electrochemical deposition | Pd NP/SWNT | d = 35 nm | 0.4% (100ppm)** | 18/20 min | |||
e-beam evaporation | Pd NP/G-NRs (200-nm-thick) | t = 2 nm | PECVD | 5.8% (1000 ppm) | 1/1.5 min (80% recovery) | ||
Chemical route | Pd-Pt NP/GO | t = 7.6 nm | Hummers method | 4.2% (20000 ppm) | 2/18 s | ||
Magnetron sputtering | Pd film/G/Exfoliated G | t = 30 nm | Exfoliated | 4.5% (10000 ppm) | 1/5 min (36.8%) | ||
e-beam evaporation | Pd NP/CVD-G Hall bar | t = 1 nm | CVD | 2.5% (25 ppm) | 10/20 min | CO2 O2 CH4 | |
Electrochemical depositing | FPNCs/CVD-G | 300/80 nm (size/length) | CVD | 7% (10 ppm) | 50 s | NO2, NH3 | |
Chemical route | Pd NP/rGO | d = 10 nm | rGO | 7% (1000 ppm) | 5/10 min | O2 NO2 CO CO2 N2 | |
Chemical route | Pd NP/CVD-G | d = 10 nm | CVD | 5.88% (10000 ppm) | 3/9 min | CH 2 O NH 3 | This work |
