Table 1 Physiological parameters of P. hybrida L. with reference to HMs and EDTA exposure.

From: Combined application of selected heavy metals and EDTA reduced the growth of Petunia hybrida L.

 

Total leaves plant-1

Leaf Area (cm2)

Leaf fresh weight (g)

Leaf dried weight (g)

Root length (cm)

Root Fresh weight (g)

Root dried weight (g)

Shoot length (cm)

Shoot fresh weight (g)

Shoot dried weight (g)

Controla

25.00 ± 1.00 a12345

15.25 ± 1.72 a12345

36.55 ± 1.12 a12345

5.24 ± 0.27 a12345

31.39 ± 1.07 a12345

7.96 ± 0.32 a12345

1.01 ± 0.03 a12345

30.29 ± 1.27 a12345

25.21 ± 14.65 a12345

2.71 ± 0.1 a12345

Control + EDTAa

19.00 ± 1.00 b12345

4.51 ± 0.23 b2,c13, d45

10.78 ± 6.29 c123, d45

1.24 ± 0.15 c123, d45

15.47 ± 0.98 b13,c245

3.50 ± 0.22 b1345, c2

0.29 ± 0.06 b134, c25

12.86 ± 1.46 b13, c245

10.03 ± 5.79 b1345, c2

1.29 ± 0.15 b12345

Cd 50

14.00 ± 1.00c

7.44 ± 0.98b

18.37 ± 1.01b

1.69 ± 0.15b

11.88 ± 6.86c

1.23 ± 0.04c

0.30 ± 0.01b

6.57 ± 0.35c

2.74 ± 0.18c

0.53 ± 0.05c

Cd 100

13.67 ± 1.53c

5.58 ± 0.66c

8.15 ± 0.24c

0.42 ± 0.05d

2.10 ± 0.40f*

0.26 ± 0.04e*

0.07 ± 0.02d

6.20 ± 0.45cd

0.99 ± 0.18d

0.09 ± 0.02d

Cd 50 + EDTA

9.33 ± 0.58d

1.11 ± 0.15d*

3.34 ± 0.25d

0.42 ± 0.07d

7.74 ± 0.55d

0.57 ± 0.09d

0.19 ± 0.02c

5.06 ± 0.56d

0.96 ± 0.15d

0.08 ± 0.01d

Cd 100 + EDTA

9.00 ± 1.00d

0.81 ± 0.03d*

2.32 ± 0.21d

0.22 ± 0.01d

6.00 ± 0.31e

0.45 ± 0.04de

0.21 ± 0.05c

3.24 ± 0.08e*

0.21 ± 0.04d*

0.03 ± 0.01d*

Cr 50

21.00 ± 1.73b

14.2 ± 1.10a

22.25 ± 1.99b

2.36 ± 0.29b

29.75 ± 17.2b

5.87 ± 0.93b

0.61 ± 0.06b

25.21 ± 14.59b

19.49 ± 1.28c

1.37 ± 0.15b

Cr 100

16.00 ± 1.00c

2.46 ± 0.46c

6.52 ± 1.26d

0.27 ± 0.07d

9.58 ± 0.80d

1.29 ± 0.23d

0.17 ± 0.03de

5.50 ± 0.02e

0.83 ± 0.11f8

0.06 ± 0.01e

Cr 50 + EDTA

19.00 ± 1.00b

1.08 ± 0.03c*

8.64 ± 0.10c

2.36 ± 0.13b

9.75 ± 0.79d

1.54 ± 0.13d

0.21 ± 0.04cd

9.55 ± 0.23d

5.99 ± 0.17d

0.61 ± 0.04c

Cr 100 + EDTA

16.00 ± 1.00c

1.01 ± 0.05c*

6.45 ± 0.34d

0.86 ± 0.06c

7.58 ± 0.41e

0.99 ± 0.03d

0.12 ± 0.02e

5.50 ± 0.49e

3.83 ± 0.88e

0.39 ± 0.10d

Cu 50

13.67 ± 1.53c

6.26 ± 0.08b

13.98 ± 1.23b

1.69 ± 0.15b

14.02 ± 0.10c

1.23 ± 0.04c

0.18 ± 0.03c

5.28 ± 0.42c

2.74 ± 0.18c

0.29 ± 0.04c

Cu 100

9.33 ± 0.58d

4.92 ± 0.56c

8.09 ± 0.21d

0.43 ± 0.09d

11.19 ± 0.47d

0.87 ± 0.10d

0.09 ± 0.02d

5.87 ± 0.29c

0.92 ± 0.05d

0.08 ± 0.02c

Cu 50 + EDTA

10.00 ± 1.00d

1.34 ± 0.04d*

2.32 ± 0.21e

0.16 ± 0.17c

6.00 ± 0.39e

0.75 ± 0.06de

0.12 ± 0.05cd

6.24 ± 0.92c

0.91 ± 0.08d

0.09 ± 0.04c

Cu 100 + EDTA

5.67 ± 0.58e*

1.07 ± 0.04d*

0.63 ± 0.07f*

0.05 ± 0.04e*

5.37 ± 0.28e

0.48 ± 0.04e

0.07 ± 0.02d

5.71 ± 0.03c

0.23 ± 0.07d*

0.03 ± 0.02c*

Ni 50

19.33 ± 1.53b

12.19 ± 7.04b

29.79 ± 1.23b

4.29 ± 0.20b

19.28 ± 11.14b

2.40 ± 0.52c

0.19 ± 0.11b

18.98 ± 1.04b

5.92 ± 0.80c

0.62 ± 0.13c

Ni 100

17.00 ± 2.00b

9.67 ± 0.60c

21.83 ± 1.63c

2.23 ± 0.24c

12.82 ± 7.48d

1.90 ± 0.04d

0.25 ± 0.11b

17.59 ± 1.06b

4.47 ± 0.33d

0.30 ± 0.03d

Ni 50 + EDTA

11.00 ± 1.00c

2.84 ± 0.31e

10.7 ± 0.89d

1.12 ± 0.03d

6.65 ± 0.52e

0.62 ± 0.10e

0.06 ± 0.01c

6.68 ± 0.14d

0.84 ± 0.02e

0.07 ± 0.01e

Ni 100 + EDTA

9.67 ± 0.58c

2.73 ± 0.37e

8.9 ± 0.40e

0.73 ± 0.05e

5.49 ± 0.13e

0.34 ± 0.03e

0.03 ± 0.01c*

6.02 ± 0.52d

0.68 ± 0.03e

0.07 ± 0.01e

Pb 50

22.33 ± 1.53b

11.85 ± 6.84b

28.19 ± 1.29b

4.13 ± 0.64b

20.04 ± 1.57b

2.30 ± 0.41cd

0.35 ± 0.04b

17.6 ± 10.21b

7.35 ± 0.49bc

0.74 ± 0.12bc

Pb 100

17.00 ± 1.00bc

10.00 ± 0.31c

21.83 ± 1.03c

1.94 ± 0.40c

18.02 ± 1.24bc

1.90 ± 0.16de

0.15 ± 0.02c

14.59 ± 8.52c

5.47 ± 0.33c

0.48 ± 0.03cd

Pb 50 + EDTA

16.00 ± 2.00bc

4.34 ± 0.07de

10.70 ± 0.59d

0.98 ± 0.06d

11.32 ± 0.08d

1.83 ± 0.09de

0.09 ± 0.02c

8.84 ± 0.21d

3.89 ± 0.08 cd

0.54 ± 0.01 cd

Pb 100 + EDTA

15.33 ± 0.58c

3.07 ± 0.19e

8.95 ± 1.30e

0.64 ± 0.09d

8.51 ± 0.38e

0.71 ± 0.03e

0.07 ± 0.01c

7.14 ± 0.91d

0.68 ± 0.07d

0.07 ± 0.02e

  1. In each column of metal treatment statistical comparison was done with the same control and control + EDTA. Data was presented in means (n = 3 ± SD).
  2. aAlphabets followed by number (1 = Cd, 2 = Cr, 3 = Cu, 4 = Ni, and 5 = Pb) represents statistical differences of control to each of the HMs.
  3. Significantly highest mean was “a” column wise followed by later alphabets for lower means.
  4. Similar small letter in same column within same metal treatment of experiment are non-significant.
  5. *Represents statistically highest reduction among all metal treatments and controls.
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