Figure 5

Effects of hesperidin and linarin on the replication of R5-type of HIV-1 in CD4⁺ NKT cells through Vδ1⁺ T cells. (A) CD4⁺ NKT cells induced from PBMCs by using α-GalCer (left). Viability of CD4⁺ NKT cells cultured with hesperidin, linarin or DMSO (right). (B) As described in Methods, CD4⁺ NKT cells were infected with R5-tropic NL(AD8) HIV-1. Then, HIV-1-infected CD4⁺ NKT cells were cultured in the presence of 3, 10, or 30 μg/mL hesperidin or linarin or 0.003, 0.01 or 0.03% DMSO with (right)/without (left) the resting Vδ1⁺ T cells for 3 days. HIV-1 p24 concentration of the culture supernatant was measured by using specific ELISA kit. (C) The percentage of HIV-1 viral replication was also shown. The data are expressed as the mean + SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 determined by using ANOVA with Dunnett’s test.