Table 3 Average imidacloprid levels in organs (ng of imidacloprid per gram of tissue) liver, brain, spleen, and genital in adult females (AF, n = 21), fawns (n = 65), female fawns (FF, n = 32), and male fawns (MF, n = 32) per treatment and control groups.

From: Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Physiology and Reproductive Characteristics of Captive Female and Fawn White-tailed Deer

Age/Sex

Group

Survived/died

Liver (ng/g) (SEM)

Brain (ng/g) (SEM)

Spleen (ng/g) (SEM)

Genital (ng/g) (SEM)

AF

Control

All

0.351 (0.09)

0.222 (0.22)

0.012 (0.01)

0.388 (0.12)

AF

Low

All

0.133 (0.04)

0

0.077 (0.05)

0.380 (0.11)

AF

Moderate

All

0.495 (0.18)

0.010 (0.01)

0.111 (0.11)

0.287 (0.08)

AF

High

All

0.590 (0.12)

0

0.188 (0.10)

0.210 (0.06)

AF

All

Died

0.153 (0.04)

0.277 (0.21)

0.030 (0.02)

0.191 (0.13)

AF

All

Survived

0.487 (0.08)

0.003 (0)

0.124 (0.05)

0.330 (0.04)

AF

All

All

0.423 (0.07)

0.055 (0.05)

0.106 (0.04)

0.694 (0.05)

FF

Control

All

0.416 (0.06)

0.058 (0.03)

0.156 (0.04)

0.273 (0.04)

FF

Low

All

0.430 (0.05)

0.053 (0.02)

0.114 (0.02)

0.402 (0.04)

FF

Moderate

All

0.357 (0.05)

0

0.126 (0.02)

0.174 (0.02)

FF

High

All

0.426 (0.12)

0.008 (0)

0.294 (0.13)

0.222 (0.04)

FF

All

Died

0.443 (0.09)

0

0.268 (0.06)

0.219 (0.03)

FF

All

Survived

0.401 (0.07)

0.044 (0.03)

0.177 (0.08)

0.290 (0.06)

FF

All

All

0.417 (0.06)

0.028 (0.02)

0.210 (0.05)

0.264 (0.04)

MF

Control

All

0.681 (0.10)

0.065 (0.02)

0.223 (0.03)

0.102 (0.03)

MF

Low

All

0.350 (0.04)

0

0.037 (0.01)

0.168 (0.05)

MF

Moderate

All

0.566 (0.08)

0.044 (0.02)

0.252 (0.07)

0.148 (0.04)

MF

High

All

0.532 (0.09)

0.057 (0.04)

0.176 (0.06)

0.157 (0.03)

MF

All

Died

0.654 (0.08)

0.006 (0)

0.489 (0.07)

0.259 (0.04)

MF

All

Survived

0.518 (0.08)

0.057 (0.03)

0.116 (0.03)

0.115 (0.03)

MF

All

All

0.553 (0.07)

0.046 (0.02)

0.193 (0.04)

0.146 (0.03)

Fawn

All

Died

0.528 (0.04)

0.002 (0)

0.342 (0.03)

0.232 (0.02)

Fawn

All

Survived

0.463 (0.05)

0.051 (0.02)

0.144 (0.04)

0.200 (0.03)

  1. AF, FF, and MF are also separated into averages for those that were dead, and alive at the end of the experiment, and the sum of all AF, FF, or MF in our study.