Table 2 Contingency table showing the number of bees that self-groomed intensively or that self-groomed lightly, and the proportion of bees that self-groomed intensively within 3 min after placing 20 mg of flour on their thoraces that had previously been treated with clothianidin (0 ng/µl, 9 × 10−4 ng/µl, 4.2 × 10−3 ng/µl and 1 × 10−2 ng/µl) and/or V. destructor. The asterisks indicate a significant reduction in the proportion of bees that self-groomed intensively based on Chi2 analysis and adjusted residuals and p value of 0.00019.
Treatment | Number of bees that groomed intensively | Number of bees that groomed lightly | Proportion of bees that groomed intensively |
|---|---|---|---|
0 ng/µl | 108 | 41 | 0.72 |
9 × 10−4 ng/µl | 69 | 57 | 0.55 |
4.2 × 10−3 ng/µl | 77 | 58 | 0.57 |
1 × 10−2 ng/µl | 65 | 103 | 0.39* |
0 ng/µl + V. destructor | 59 | 47 | 0.56 |
9 × 10−4 ng/µl + V. destructor | 39 | 35 | 0.53 |
4.2 × 10−3 ng/µl + V. destructor | 36 | 52 | 0.41* |
1 × 10−2 ng/µl + V. destructor | 21 | 36 | 0.37* |
