Table 1 Cardiac structure and function by echocardiography and in vivo hemodynamics.

From: The Clock Mechanism Influences Neurobiology and Adaptations to Heart Failure in Clock^∆19/∆19 Mice With Implications for Circadian Medicine

Echocardiography (n)	Clock^Δ19/Δ19 HF mice	WT HF mice	Clock^Δ19/Δ19 Controls	WT Controls
Echocardiography (n)	8	8	5	5
Baseline
LVIDd (mm)	3.95 ± 0.03	3.95 ± 0.02	3.97 ± 0.03	3.95 ± 0.02
LVIDs (mm)	2.32 ± 0.02	2.35 ± 0.02	2.38 ± 0.03	2.33 ± 0.01
EF (%)	78.39 ± 0.40	77.42 ± 0.48	76.98 ± 0.57	78.10 ± 0.37
FS (%)	41.28 ± 0.39	40.37 ± 0.43	40.02 ± 0.51	41.01 ± 0.34
1 week post-infarction
LVIDd (mm)	4.94 ± 0.08*	5.11 ± 0.16^§	4.03 ± 0.02	3.98 ± 0.03
LVIDs (mm)	3.69 ± 0.09*	3.87 ± 0.15^§	2.43 ± 0.03	2.38 ± 0.05
EF (%)	56.55 ± 1.58*	54.76 ± 1.97^§	76.50 ± 0.51	77.26 ± 1.02
FS (%)	25.40 ± 0.94*	24.50 ± 1.15^§	39.61 ± 0.45	40.25 ± 0.90
8 week - HF
LVIDd (mm)	5.09 ± 0.08*^†	5.65 ± 0.11^§	4.05 ± 0.03	4.00 ± 0.03
LVIDs (mm)	3.81 ± 0.09*^†	4.45 ± 0.11^§	2.46 ± 0.03	2.39 ± 0.03
EF (%)	56.37 ± 1.17*^†	49.42 ± 1.08^§	76.08 ± 0.32	77.11 ± 0.48
FS (%)	25.38 ± 0.68*^†	21.52 ± 0.57^§	39.23 ± 0.24	40.11 ± 0.48
Hemodynamics (HF)
LVESP (mmHg)	88.2 ± 1.5*	87.0 ± 0.8^§	97.9 ± 1.4	98.4 ± 0.8
LVEDP (mmHg)	3.5 ± 1.5*	2.5 ± 1.1	−0.4 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.7
LVESV (μl)	23.5 ± 1.0*^†	36.4 ± 1.4^§	9.8 ± 0.9	10.6 ± 0.4
LVEDV (μl)	46.4 ± 0.6*^†	54.7 ± 1.3^§	34.7 ± 1.4	35.9 ± 1.1
SV (μl)	22.9 ± 0.6^†	18.3 ± 0.5^§	24.0 ± 0.6	24.1 ± 1.0
CO (mL/min)	11.5 ± 0.4^†	9.6 ± 0.5^§	12.7 ± 0.6	13.3 ± 0.8
dP/dt_max (mmHg/sec)	6939 ± 394*	5959 ± 258^§	10420 ± 674	9744 ± 864
dP/dt_min (mmHg/sec)	5905 ± 458*	5278 ± 258^§	9403 ± 1030	9830 ± 966
SBP (mmHg)	82.9 ± 1.0*^†	89.3 ± 0.9^§	97.8 ± 1.2	98.1 ± 1.0
DBP (mmHg)	58.7 ± 0.7*	60.6 ± 0.5	64.3 ± 1.4	63.6 ± 0.6
MAP (mmHg)	66.3 ± 0.7*^†	69.7 ± 0.3^§	74.7 ± 0.9	74.3 ± 0.3
Morphometry (HF)
HW (mg)	158 ± 2*	162 ± 6^§	140 ± 3	130 ± 3
HW:BW (mg/g)	5.03 ± 0.10*^†	5.86 ± 0.25^§	4.43 ± 0.15	4.14 ± 0.12
HW:TL (mg/mm)	7.79 ± 0.09*	8.10 ± 0.27^§	6.90 ± 0.15	6.46 ± 0.13

LV, left ventricle; LVIDd/s, internal dimension diastole/systole, %EF, %ejection fraction; %FS, % fractional shortening; LVESP/DP, end systolic/diastolic pressure; LVESV/DV, end systolic/diastolic volume; SV, stroke volume; CO, cardiac output; dP/dt_max dP/dt_min, derivatives of LV pressure; SBP/DBP/MAP, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure; HW, heart weight; BW, body weight; TL, tibia length; *P < 0.05 Clock^Δ19/Δ19-HF vs Clock^Δ19/Δ19-control, ^§P < 0.05 WT^-HF vs. WT-control, ^†P < 0.05 Clock^Δ19/Δ19-HF vs. WT-HF by two way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc. Values are mean±SEM.

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Table 1 Cardiac structure and function by echocardiography and in vivo hemodynamics.

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