Table 1 Details from all known studies that investigated the effects of pH on jellyfish species.
From: Ocean acidification causes mortality in the medusa stage of the cubozoan Carybdea xaymacana
Study | Class | Species | Life stages | Lowest pH treatment | Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kikkawa et al.29 | Scyphozoa | Aurelia sp. | Ephyra | 6.15 | Swimming inhibited (pH ≤ 6.37) and inverted arms |
Winans and Purcell43 | Scyphozoa | Aurelia labiata | Polyp; ephyra | 7.2 | Smaller statoliths in ephyrae |
Klein et al.23 | Cubozoa | Alatina nr mordens | Polyp | 7.6 | Slower reproduction |
Lesniowski et al.44 | Scyphozoa | Cyanea capillata; Chrysaora hysoscella | Polyp | 7.9 | None |
Alguero-Muniz et al.45 | Scyphozoa | Aurelia aurita | Ephyra | 7.28 | Slower growth |
Tills et al.46 | Scyphozoa | Aurelia aurita | Ephyra | 7.6 | Smaller size and lower pulsation rate |
Goldstein et al.14 | Scyphozoa | Aurelia aurita | Planula larva; polyp | 7.4 (larva) 2 (polyp) | Increased larvae settlement and tissue degradation (pH < 6.5) and mortality (pH < 4.5) of polyps |
Klein et al.24 | Cubozoa | Alatina alata | Polyp | 7.55 | Reproductive and protein content resilience, and increased early respiration rate under predicted temperature increase. Decreased prey capture rates |
Hammill et al.13 | Cubozoa | Carybdea rastoni | Medusa | 7.77 | Increased foraging rates |
Treible et al.47 | Scyphozoa | Aurelia aurita | Polyp | 7.62 | None |
