Figure 4

Variation partition analysis explaining the percentage of variation explained by abiotic (environmental distance) and spatial variables (geographical distance) of forest community and rubber monoculture community based on 18SrRNA gene sequences; see Materials & Methods section. Unique fractions of each explanatory set were evaluated by 999 permutations. Variation explained by abiotic variables were significant for both land-use types (forest: P < 0.005; rubber plantation: P < 0.01) whereas spatial variables were able to explain a significant part of variation for forest only (forest: P < 0.05).