Figure 8
From: An overview of the oil-brine interfacial behavior and a new surface complexation model

Zeta potential of crude oil in four different brine compositions18. All the measurements were performed at a pH around 6. Composition of the brines: brine 1- Na+ and Cl−; brine 2- Mg2+ and Cl−; brine 3- Ca2+and Cl−; brine 4: Na+ and SO42−. All the brines have similar ionic strength.