Figure 4

Phage titres of biopanning simulations with a mixture of αUbi and M13KO7 against purified rUbi (a) and crude rUbi (b) in the presence of PTM buffer and lysate. The mixture of αUbi and M13KO7 in 1:10 ratio was used to conduct biopanning simulations against purified rUbi and crude rUbi. The ratio of difference (fold change) were determined between the unbound phages and bound phages. (a,b) The fold change results are represented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3) as shown in the scatter dot plot. (c) Phage ELISA assay of biopanning simulation against crude rUbi was performed in triplicates and the absorbance for each sample were represented as mean (n = 3) (red line) after background removal. The overall s.d. for each triplicate was 0.17, 0.27, 0.11 and 0.31.