Figure 6

Phage titres and phage ELISA of ‘Yin-Yang’ biopanning simulation with a mixture of αUbi and M13KO7 against purified rUbi (a) and crude rUbi (b). The mixture of αUbi and M13KO7 in 1:10 ratio was used to conduct ‘Yin-Yang’ biopanning simulations against purified rUbi and crude rUbi. The ratio of difference (fold change) were determined between the unbound phages and bound phages. (a,b) The fold change results are represented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3) as shown in the scatter dot plot. (c) Phage ELISA assay on ‘Yin-Yang’ biopanning simulation against crude rUbi was performed in triplicates and the absorbance for each sample were represented in mean (n = 3) (red line) after background normalization. The overall s.d. for each triplicate was 0.38, 0.33, 0.40 and 0.33.