Table 1 Traits measured in this study along with abbreviations and units, and trait evolutionary rates for control and hybrid populations, measured in haldanes (proportional change over generational time elapsed).

From: Hybridization speeds adaptive evolution in an eight-year field experiment

Trait	Abbreviation	Unit	Evolutionary Rates (haldanes)
Trait	Abbreviation	Unit	Control	Hybrid (LBJ)	Hybrid (BFL)
Fitness	Fitness	Viable achenes/plant	−0.002	0.012	0.006
*Ecophysiological traits*
Specific leaf area	SLA	cm² ∙ g⁻¹	0.004	0.020	0.018
Leaf longevity	LeafLong	days	0.000	0.002	−0.002
Leaf dry matter content	LDMC		0.000	−0.007	−0.010
Leaf succulence	Succ		−0.006	−0.013	−0.008
Leaf chlorophyll content	Chloro	SPAD reading	−0.008	0.005	−0.004
Leaf length:width ratio	LWR		−0.002	−0.016	−0.007
Water-use efficiency	WUE	δ 13C	−0.004	−0.011	−0.012
*Phenological traits*
Bud initiation time	DaysToBud	days	0.001	0.028	0.005
Seed maturation time	SMT	days	−0.012	0.006	0.010
Plant longevity	Longevity	days	0.000	0.006	0.002
*Architectural traits*
Disk diameter	DiskDiam	mm	0.000	0.013	0.012
Plant volume	Volume	cm³	−0.001	0.014	0.010
Height of lowest branch	HtLow	cm	0.003	0.018	0.001
Bushiness	Bushy		0.004	0.005	0.003
Relative branch diameter	RelBrDiam		0.005	−0.006	−0.001
*Resistance/palatability traits*
Glandular trichome density	GlandDens	mm⁻²	0.002	0.011	0.008
Nonglandular trichome density	HairDens	mm⁻²	0.008	0.001	0.001
Leaf Carbon:Nitrogen	CNratio		0.008	−0.013	−0.002
*Herbivore damage traits*
Leaf-vascular-tissue damage	SuckDam	%	−0.004	0.005	0.006
Leaf-chewing damage	ChewDam	%	0.001	0.012	0.013
Stemborer damage	StemBorer	Holes per plant	0.002	0.003	−0.001
Weevil damage	WeevilDam	Petioles per plant (Rhodobaenus sp.)	−0.002	0.003	0.012
Midge damage	MidgeDam	Fraction seeds killed (Neolasioptera helianthis)	−0.005	−0.023	−0.017
Parasitoid damage	ParaDam	Fraction N. helianthis parasitized	−0.002	−0.011	0.008
Hole damage	HoleDam	Fraction seeds damaged by holes (Isophrictis sp.)	−0.001	−0.016	−0.009
Gray seed weevil damage	GSW	Fraction seeds killed (Smicronyx sordidus)	0.004	−0.008	−0.003
Receptacle damage	RecepDam	Average number of receptacle holes (Isophrictis sp.)	−0.003	−0.012	−0.001
*Global average*		(Absolute value, across all traits)	0.003	0.011	0.007

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Table 1 Traits measured in this study along with abbreviations and units, and trait evolutionary rates for control and hybrid populations, measured in haldanes (proportional change over generational time elapsed).

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