Figure 4

(a) Raman spectra of ZnO:Cu thin film shows E2 (high) phonon mode at 435 cm−1 which is weak, broad and slightly shifted to lower frequency, indicating nanocrystalline nature of ZnO, (b) Photoluminescence spectra of broad green band with high intensity at lowest Cu concentration, (c) Schematic of energy level diagram of Cu doped ZnO system.