Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Towards minimally-invasive, quantitative assessment of chronic kidney disease using optical spectroscopy

Figure 4

(A) Extensive fibrosis in adenine-fed mice. Kidneys of C57BL/6 mice exposed to 0.25% Adenine diet for one week followed by 0.2% diet for one week are shown and compared to those on normal chow. Histology images of kidney tissue stained with Masson Trichrome are shown. Scale bar = 100 µm. (B) IFTA percentage in the AD model. A percentage of IFTA (determined by histopathology with Masson Thrichrome staining) as described in Methods, determined by a renal pathologist blinded to the sample. Average percentages for controls and 10 treated mice (N = 5, for each of two strains) at 14 days are shown. Values for individual animals shown, with some overlap. (C) Significant rise in BUN in adenine-diet animals. Average BUN from five C57BL/6 controls and five AD mice at 14 days are shown. Error bars = full range of vales. (D) Individual spectra from 5 control mice and 5 adenine-diet C57BL/6 mice at 14 days. The spectra are normalized at 650 nm to facilitate comparison of spectral shapes. (Spectra from the 129/SvEV strain, not shown, were essentially similar). We note that, although spectral trends in the range 350–450 nm are essentially similar to those in the UUO model, the AD model exhibits an absorption band at wavelengths below 350 nm. We have not identified the source of this absorption, although we speculate that this may be due to the dihydroxyadenine crystals that form in the kidney, and that exhibit strong absorption in the UV-B region.

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