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Figure 1

From: Previously unidentified Indonesian Throughflow pathways and freshening in the Indian Ocean during recent decades

Figure 1

Temporal evolution of ocean heat content (OHC) anomaly and salinity anomaly in the Indian Ocean. (a) OHC anomaly (unit: Joule) showing subsurface warming since 2000 (red box) in the Indian Ocean over various depth ranges indicated in the inset. (b) Salinity anomaly (unit: psu) indicating subsurface lower salinity from 1997–2009. The anomalies are calculated from the ORAS4 dataset as a deviation from the long-term mean (averaged over 20.5°N–40.5°S, 20.5–120.5°E) from 1958 to 2009. (c) Transport variability (unit: Sv) of the ITF water (upper panel), Agulhas Current (middle panel) and Agulhas Leakage (lower panel).

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