Table 1 Keystones nodes obtained from the network analysis for surface (A), subsurface (B) and deep (C) sediment across each ‘Fraction’ considering the highest level of node degree distribution, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality.

From: The role of fungi in heterogeneous sediment microbial networks

Fraction	Kingdom	Lowest taxa	Betweenness Centrality	Closeness Centrality	Degree
S1	Fungi	Trichocomaceae	0.863	0.427	207
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.030	0.278	64
	Bacteria	Pelobacteraceae	0.084	0.257	53
	Fungi	Lyophyllum	0.005	0.268	49
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.069	0.332	46
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.005	0.267	43
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.004	0.267	42
	Archaea	Crenarchaeota	0.125	0.259	41
	Archaea	YLA114	0.106	0.259	37
	Fungi	Onygenaceae	0.007	0.322	35
S2	Fungi	Unidentified	0.472	0.272	90
	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.308	0.260	88
	Bacteria	Thermomicrobia	0.115	0.229	71
	Bacteria	Marinobacter	0.110	0.229	70
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.075	0.245	58
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.053	0.238	45
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.042	0.237	39
	Fungi	Aureobasidium	0.025	0.236	36
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.015	0.236	36
	Fungi	Onygenaceae	0.012	0.231	32
S3	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.741	0.481	149
	Bacteria	Anaerolineae	0.120	0.321	59
	Archaea	Parvarchae	0.095	0.318	55
	Fungi	Botryosphaeriaceae	0.203	0.401	46
	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.039	0.382	44
	Fungi	Talaromyces	0.025	0.328	43
	Fungi	Dothideomycetes	0.028	0.378	39
	Fungi	Orpinomyces	0.008	0.367	27
	Fungi	Pleosporales	0.006	0.316	26
	Fungi	Dothideomycetes	0.005	0.366	25
S4	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.704	0.399	176
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.037	0.281	69
	Fungi	Mycosphaerella	0.141	0.323	68
	Fungi	Cladophialophora	0.046	0.310	56
	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.031	0.330	56
	Fungi	Talaromyces	0.030	0.289	42
	Bacteria	Desulfobulbaceae	0.059	0.255	41
	Fungi	Nigrospora	0.025	0.297	39
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.027	0.298	38
	Fungi	Dothideomycetes	0.014	0.325	36
BS	Fungi	Unidentified	0.261	0.279	75
	Bacteria	Bacteroidales	0.218	0.247	75
	Archaea	Halobacteriaceae	0.149	0.272	45
	Fungi	Tremellomycetes	0.194	0.317	42
	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.108	0.283	42
	Fungi	Nigrospora	0.094	0.274	38
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.027	0.280	36
	Fungi	Onygenaceae	0.136	0.308	34
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.118	0.286	32
	Bacteria	Flammeovirgaceae	0.089	0.154	32
SS1	Fungi	Unidentified	0.828	0.399	405
	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.059	0.325	47
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.211	0.348	40
	Fungi	Saccharomycetales	0.024	0.323	40
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.056	0.337	35
	Fungi	Trichosphaeriales	0.060	0.337	32
	Archaea	Cenarchaeaceae	0.006	0.319	28
	Fungi	Harknessia	0.014	0.322	27
	Fungi	Massarina	0.010	0.323	22
	Archaea	YLA114	0.004	0.318	22
SS2	Fungi	Unidentified	0.168	0.353	72
	Bacteria	Chromatiales	0.252	0.306	62
	Fungi	Pluteus	0.192	0.386	60
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.115	0.360	60
	Fungi	Harknessia	0.061	0.370	53
	Fungi	Dothideomycetes	0.041	0.367	47
	Bacteria	Candidatus Entotheonella	0.109	0.301	45
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.082	0.368	45
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.052	0.347	42
	Archaea	Candidatus Nitrososphaera	0.070	0.292	37
SS3	Fungi	Antrodia	0.315	0.341	88
	Bacteria	Rhizobiales	0.296	0.284	80
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.329	0.338	67
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.035	0.291	49
	Fungi	Mycosphaerellaceae	0.049	0.303	43
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.048	0.304	43
	Fungi	Saccharomyces	0.046	0.302	38
	Fungi	Pleosporales	0.052	0.301	37
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.049	0.301	35
	Fungi	Myrothecium	0.039	0.299	32
SS4	Bacteria	Chloroflexi	0.410	0.246	120
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.385	0.292	65
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.048	0.262	55
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.047	0.261	52
	Fungi	Hypocreales	0.037	0.261	51
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.182	0.277	47
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.027	0.259	44
	Fungi	Penicillium	0.020	0.256	39
	Fungi	Stictidaceae	0.018	0.255	38
	Fungi	Pleosporales	0.076	0.272	33
BSS	Bacteria	Myxococcales	0.249	0.266	82
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.145	0.293	82
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.461	0.323	75
	Fungi	Saccharomycetaceae	0.057	0.282	68
	Fungi	Saccharomycetales	0.052	0.286	64
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.037	0.284	55
	Fungi	Dothideomycetes	0.037	0.283	53
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.037	0.278	50
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.011	0.269	40
	Fungi	Talaromyces	0.019	0.280	37
D1	Fungi	Unidentified	0.816	0.452	320
	Fungi	Dothideomycetes	0.260	0.376	92
	Bacteria	Piscirickettsiaceae	0.074	0.284	45
	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.017	0.355	42
	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.066	0.351	39
	Fungi	Kotlabaea	0.029	0.348	35
	Fungi	Acremonium	0.007	0.271	31
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.010	0.346	28
	Fungi	Onygenaceae	0.008	0.345	25
	Archaea	Cenarchaeaceae	0.001	0.262	25
D2	Fungi	Nigrospora	0.685	0.442	105
	Archaea	Cenarchaeaceae	0.267	0.383	49
	Bacteria	Deltaproteobacteria	0.172	0.359	46
	Archaea	Crenarchaeota	0.124	0.326	34
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.166	0.257	30
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.018	0.315	21
	Archaea	Crenarchaeota	0.007	0.331	21
	Bacteria	Fulvivirga	0.066	0.274	19
	Archaea	Crenarchaeota	0.033	0.339	19
	Archaea	Crenarchaeota	0.037	0.343	18
D3	Fungi	Hypocreales	0.264	0.283	92
	Fungi	Abundisporus	0.178	0.274	88
	Fungi	Teratosphaeriaceae	0.154	0.272	86
	Bacteria	Desulfobacteraceae	0.172	0.218	67
	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.033	0.260	50
	Bacteria	Unidentified	0.163	0.211	45
	Fungi	Botryosphaeria	0.224	0.255	41
	Fungi	Diatrypaceae	0.018	0.258	38
	Bacteria	Chloroflexi	0.069	0.253	32
	Fungi	Dothideomycetes	0.017	0.244	31
D4	Fungi	Pleosporaceae	0.522	0.319	141
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.109	0.303	81
	Fungi	Hypocreales	0.060	0.297	73
	Fungi	Basidiomycota	0.046	0.295	64
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.044	0.295	64
	Fungi	Unidentified	0.044	0.294	60
	Bacteria	Hyphomonadaceae	0.227	0.197	34
	Fungi	Sordariomycetes	0.039	0.286	33
	Fungi	Phyllosticta	0.065	0.272	29
	Fungi	Abundisporus	0.007	0.275	26
BD	Fungi	Ascomycota	0.859	0.468	428
	Fungi	Teratosphaeriaceae	0.041	0.267	87
	Archaea	Nitrosopumilus	0.040	0.286	37
	Archaea	Cenarchaeaceae	0.033	0.281	37
	Bacteria	Piscirickettsiaceae	0.047	0.238	36
	Bacteria	Candidatus Portiera	0.057	0.273	35
	Archaea	Cenarchaeaceae	0.044	0.241	34
	Bacteria	Desulfuromonadales	0.010	0.280	33
	Fungi	Phyllosticta	0.026	0.332	32
	Archaea	Parvarchaea	0.022	0.223	30

The lowest taxonomic resolution of the hub is shown.

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Table 1 Keystones nodes obtained from the network analysis for surface (A), subsurface (B) and deep (C) sediment across each ‘Fraction’ considering the highest level of node degree distribution, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality.

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