Table 3 Model fitting and estimates of heritability of dog ownership in 35,035 twin pairs adjusted for sex and birth year.

From: Evidence of large genetic influences on dog ownership in the Swedish Twin Registry has implications for understanding domestication and health associations

Model

Model comparison measures

Females (95% CI)

Males (95% CI)

Opposite-sex (95% CI)

ep

AIC

p

A

C

E

A

C

E

rfm

ACE, full sex-limitation

11

−118857.39

NA

50% (36–60)

6% (0–18)

44% (40–49)

48% (28–57)

2% (0–19)

50% (44–57)

0.47 (0.00–0.85)

ACE, qualitative sex-limitation

9

−118858.65

0.255

50% (38–58)

4% (0–14)

46% (42–50)

50% (38–58)

4% (0–14)

46% (42–50)

0.44 (0.00–0.74)

ACE, no sex-limitation

8

−118841.70

<0.001

52% (47–56)

0% (0–0)

48% (44–51)

52% (47–56)

0% (0–0)

48% (44–51)

NA

AE, full sex-limitation

9

−118860.48

0.635

57% (52–61)

NA

43% (39–48)

51% (44–57)

NA

49% (43–56)

0.57 (0.36–0.77)

AE, qualitative sex-limitation

8

−118859.94

0.327

55% (51–58)

NA

45% (42–49)

55% (51–58)

NA

45% (42–49)

0.55 (0.35–0.76)

AE, no sex-limitation

7

−118843.70

<0.001

52% (49–56)

NA

48% (44–51)

52% (49–56)

NA

48% (44–51)

NA

  1. Note: CI, confidence interval. ACE, model with A, C, and E sources of variance. AE, model with A, and E sources of variance. ep, number of modelled parameters. AIC, Akaikes information criterion. p, p-value from likelihood ratio test against full sex-limitation ACE model. rfm, fraction of expected correlation from same-sex twin pairs observed in opposite-sex DZ twin pairs. NA, not applicable. Most parsimonious model indicated by bold and italic font.