Table 15 Musculoskeletal modules of left forelimb of anencephalic fetus 1 using AnNA (see Text). ant., anterior; comp., compartment; post., posterior.

From: First use of anatomical networks to study modularity and integration of heads, forelimbs and hindlimbs in abnormal anencephalic and cyclopic vs normal human development

ID

p.value

Bones

Muscles

1 carpals, digit 1

2e-05

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Metacarpals 1,2,3 Proximal.Phalanx.1, Distal.Phalanx.1

ant. comp. forearm: Flexor.Carpi.Radialis, Flexor.Pollicis.Longus, Palmaris.Brevis, post. comp. forearm: Brachioradialis, Extensor.Carpi.Radialis.Longus, Extensor.Carpi.Radialis.Brevis, Extensor.Pollicis.Longus, thenar compartment: Flexor.Pollicis.Brevis, Adductor.Pollicis, Opponens.Pollicis, Flexor.Brevis.Profundus.2, Adductor.Pollicis.Accessorius

2 shoulder girdle, arm, forearm

0

Ribs, Sternum, Clavicle., Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna

chest: Pectoralis.Major, Pectoralis.Minor, scapula: Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres.Minor, Teres.Major, ant. comp. arm: Biceps.Brachii, Coracobrachialis, Brachialis, post. comp. arm: Triceps.Brachii, ant. comp. forearm: Pronator.Teres, Flexor.Carpi.Ulnaris, Flexor.Digitorum.Superficialis, Pronator.Quadratus, post. comp. forearm: Extensor.Carpi.Ulnaris, Anconeus, Supinator, other: Latissimus.Dorsi, Extra.Muscle

3 carpals, digit 5

0.00112

Pisiform, Hamate, Metacarpal.5, Proximal.Phalanx.5, Middle.Phalanx.5, Distal.Phalanx.5

dorsal: Extensor.Digiti.Minimi, Abductor.Digiti.Minimi, hypothenar mm.: Opponens.Digiti.Minimi, Flexor.Digiti.Minimi.Brevis, others: Lumbrical.4, Palmar.Interosseus 3

4 digits 3 & 4

2e-04

Metacarpal.4, Proximal.Phalanges 3,4, Middle.Phalanges 3,4, Distal.Phalanges 3,4

Flexor.Digitorum.Profundus, Extensor.Digitorum, Lumbricals 2,3, Palmar.Interosseus 2, Dorsal.Interossei 2,3,4

5 posterior shoulder

0.03732

Occipital bone, Vertebrae

Rhomboideus.Occipitalis, Rhomboid.Major, Rhomboid.Minor

6 pollicis

0.15085

 

Abductor.Pollicis.Longus, Abductor.Pollicis.Brevis, Extensor.Pollicis.Brevis

7 digit 2

0.00168

Proximal.Phalanx.2, Middle.Phalanx.2, Distal.Phalanx.2

Extensor.Indicis, Lumbrical.1, Palmar.Interosseous.1, Dorsal.Interosseous.1