Table 16 Musculoskeletal modules of right forelimb of anencephalic fetus 1 using AnNA (see Text). ant., anterior; comp., compartment; post., posterior.

From: First use of anatomical networks to study modularity and integration of heads, forelimbs and hindlimbs in abnormal anencephalic and cyclopic vs normal human development

ID

p.value

Bones

Muscles

1 carpals, digit 3

5e-05

Ulna, Triquetrum, Metacarpal.3, Proximal.Phalanx.3, Middle.Phalanx.3, Distal.Phalanx.3

ant. comp. forearm: Flexor.Carpi.Ulnaris, Palmaris.Longus, Flexor.Digitorum.Superficialis, Flexor.Digitorum.Profundus, post.comp. forearm: Extensor.Digitorum, Extensor.Carpi.Ulnaris, Extensor.Pollicis.Longus, Extensor.Indicis, Abductor.Pollicis.Longus, Anconeus, intrinsic hand: Dorsal.Interossei 1, 2, others: Anomaly.1, Anomaly.2

2 shoulder girdle, arm, forearm

0

Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum, Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus

chest: Pectoralis.Major, Pectoralis.Minor, scapula: Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus., Teres.Minor, Teres.Major, Rhomboid.Major, Rhomboid.Minor, back: Latissimus.Dorsi, Dorsoepitrochlearis, ant. comp. arm: Biceps.Brachii.Short.Head, Coracobrachialis, post. comp. arm: Triceps.Brachii, ant. comp. forearm: Pronator.Teres

3 carpals, digit 5

4e-05

Pisiform, Hamate, Fused.Carpals, Metacarpal.5, Proximal.Phalanx.5, Middle.Phalanx.5, Distal.Phalanx.5

hypothenar & 5th digit: Extensor.Digiti.Minimi, Abductor.Digiti.Minimi, Opponens.Digiti.Minimi, Flexor.Digiti.Minimi.brevis, Lumbrical.4, other: Palmar.Interosseus.2

4 digit 1

0.02967

Metacarpal.1, Proximal.Phalanx.1, Distal.Phalanx.1

 

5 digit 4

0.00089

Metacarpal.4, Proximal.Phalanx.4, Middle.Phalanx.4, Distal.Phalanx.4

Lumbrical.3, Palmar.Interosseus.1, Dorsal.Interosseus.3