Table 23 Musculoskeletal modules of left hindlimb of ancencephalic fetus 1 using AnNA (see Text). ant., anterior; comp., compartment; post., posterior.

From: First use of anatomical networks to study modularity and integration of heads, forelimbs and hindlimbs in abnormal anencephalic and cyclopic vs normal human development

ID

p.value

Bones

Muscles

1 digit 1, tarsals

0

Fibula, Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Cuboid, Medial.Cuniform, Intermediate.Cuniform, Lateral.Cuniform, Metatarsal.1, Proximal.Phalanx.1, Distal.Phalanx.1,

Anterior comp. leg: Tibialis.Anterior, Extensor.Hallucis.Longus, lat. comp. leg: Fibularis.Longus, Fibularis.Brevis, superf. post. comp. leg: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, deep post. comp. leg: Tibialis.Posterior, Flexor.Hallucis.Longus, Hallucis: Abductor.Hallucis., Adductor.Hallucis, Muscle.of.Henle, Flexor.Hallucis.Brevis, Extensor.Hallucis.Brevis

2 axial, gluteal, thigh

0

Vertebrae, Sacrum, Pubis, Ischium, Ilium, Femur, Patella, Tibia

Gluteal region: Gluteus.Maximus, Gluteus.Medius, Gluteus.Minimus, Tensor.Fasciae.Latae, Piriformis, Superior.Gemellus, Obturator.Internus, Inferior.Gemellus, Obturator.Externus, Quadratus.Femoris, Anterior compartment: Sartorius, Iliopsoas, Quadriceps femoris: Rectus.Femoris, Vastus.Lateralis, Vastus.Medialis, Vastus.Intermedius, Adductor/medial compartment: Pectineus, Adductor.Longus, Adductor.Brevis, Adductor.Magnus, Gracilis, Hamstrings: Biceps.Femoris., Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Popliteus

3 digit 4 & 5

2.00E-05

Metatarsals 4,5, Proximal.Phalanges 4,5, Middle.Phalanges 4,5, Distal.Phalanges 4,5

Anterior compartment leg: Extensor.Digitorum.Longus, Fibularis.Tertius, Posterior compartment leg: Flexor.Digitorum.Brevis, Plantar side: Abductor.Digiti.Minimi, Lumbricals.3,4, Flexor.Digiti.Minimi.Brevis, Dorsal.Interossei 3,4, Plantar.Interossei 2,3

4 digit 2 & 3

4.00E-05

Metatarsals 2,3, Proximal.Phalanges 2,3, Middle.Phalanges 2,3, Distal.Phalanges 2,3,

Posterior compartment leg: Flexor.Digitorum.Longus, Plantar side: Lumbricals 1,2, Quadratus.Plantae, Dorsal.Interosseous.1, Dorsal.Interosseous.2, Planter.Interosseous.1, Extensor.Digitorum.Brevis