Table 1 Clinical characteristics of population at time of enrollment, 2008 and at time of diabetes onset.
From: Fast eating is a strong risk factor for new-onset diabetes among the Japanese general population
Parameters | Total | Diabetes onset − at time of enrollment | Diabetes onset + at time of enrollment | Diabetes onset + at time of diabetes onset | P values* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n) | 197, 825 | 191, 155 | 7, 032 | 7, 032 | |
Age, years | 63.7 (7.7) | 63.7 (7.8) | 65.2 (6.4) | 66.7 (6.4) | <0.01 |
% Male | 38.0 | 37.5 | 51.1 | 51.3 | <0.01 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.9 (3.1) | 22.8 (3.1) | 24.1 (3.5) | 24.7 (3.7) | <0.01 |
Waist circumference, cm | 83.2 (8.8) | 83.1 (8.7) | 86.7 (3.5) | 87.5 (9.5) | <0.01 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 129.5 (17.4) | 128.4 (17.4) | 133.4 (17.0) | 132.2 (16.3) | <0.01 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76.2 (10.6) | 76.2 (10.6) | 77.8 (10.5) | 76.9 (10.6) | <0.01 |
FPG, mg/dl | 93.1 (9.7) | 92.8 (9.3) | 104.6 (11.6) | 118.9 (23.0) | <0.01 |
HbA1c, % | 5.59 (0.33) | 5.57 (0.31) | 6.01 (0.34) | 6.41 (0.65) | <0.01 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 63.0 (16.1) | 63.1 (16.0) | 58.5 (15.3) | 57.7 (15.1) | <0.01 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 126.6 (30.0) | 126.6 (29.7) | 126.4 (31.2) | 123.6 (30.6) | 0.68 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 111.2 (68.4) | 110.4 (67.6) | 132.2 (88) | 134.8 (87.7) | <0.01 |
AST, U/L | 23.9 (9.2) | 23.8 (9.1) | 25.7 (12.8) | 27.2 (15.0) | <0.01 |
ALT, U/L | 21.1 (12.3) | 20.9 (12.1) | 25.8 (15) | 27.6 (19.3) | <0.01 |
ɤGTP, U/L | 34.3(40.1) | 33.3 (39.4) | 43.5 (52.7) | 46.8 (58.8) | <0.01 |
Hypertension, % | 42.4 | 41.7 | 60.3 | 50.9 | <0.01 |
Dyslipidemia, % | 53.6 | 53.2 | 64.2 | 32.5 | <0.01 |
Current smoker, % | 12.7 | 12.7 | 16.6 | 11.8 | <0.01 |
Eating speed | |||||
Fast, % | 26.3 | 26.1 | 30.9 | 30.3 | <0.01 |
Moderate, % | 63.4 | 63.6 | 59.5 | 61.1 | |
Slow, % | 10.3 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 8.57 | |
Non-fast (Moderate + Slow), % | 73.7 | 73.9 | 69.1 | 69.7 | <0.01 |
Meal before sleep, % | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 12.4 | <0.01 |
Snack after supper, % | 15.1 | 15.0 | 17.2 | 17.1 | <0.01 |
Breakfast skipping, % | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 8.7 | <0.05 |
Regular drinking | |||||
Every day, % | 22.2 | 22.1 | 25.2 | 22.8 | <0.01 |
Sometimes, % | 22.5 | 22.5 | 21.9 | 21.0 | |
Rarely or none, % | 55.3 | 55.4 | 53.0 | 56.1 | |
Alcohol intake per day | |||||
Under 20 g, % | 65.4 | 65.6 | 59.4 | 63.2 | <0.01 |
20 g to less than 40 g, % | 24.0 | 23.9 | 27.0 | 24.5 | |
40 g to less than 60 g, % | 8.2 | 8.1 | 10.1 | 9.1 | |
Over 60 g, % | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | |
Regular exercise | |||||
Exercise to sweat lightly, % | 42.3 | 42.1 | 45.6 | 46.8 | <0.01 |
Walking >1 hour/day, % | 52.4 | 52.4 | 54.6 | 56.3 | <0.01 |
Weight Change | |||||
Weight gain over 10 kg from 20-years of age, % | 31.1 | 30.6 | 46.0 | 49.0 | <0.01 |
Weight change ± 3 kg within 1 year, % | 19.9 | 19.7 | 26.9 | 25.5 | <0.01 |
