Figure 1
From: Extremely low neonicotinoid doses alter navigation of pest insects along pheromone plumes
Effect of thiacloprid (TIA) on percentage of C. pomonella, G. molesta and L. botrana males responding (taking flight, orienting upwind, and contacting the stimulus) to sex pheromone in wind tunnel (left), and the time to start these behaviours (right). Males treated with acetone or 4 lethal concentrations of TIA (LC0.001 to LC20) were released individually and observed for 2 minutes, or until contact with the pheromone dispenser. The shadowed areas around the mean trend line in the times graph indicate ± SEM. Different letters indicate significant differences among TIA LCs within a given behavioural category (Tukey’s test after GLM or ANOVA, P < 0.05).
