Table 1 Preoperative and perioperative data of the PVP and HoLEP groups.

   Age (yr)

68.5 ± 7.1

68.0 ± 8.0

68.7 ± 6.6

0.093

   BMI (kg/m²)

24.0 ± 3.0

23.9 ± 3.1

24.1 ± 3.0

0.420

   PSA (ng/ml)

4.2 ± 6.0

5.2 ± 8.0

3.6 ± 4.1

<0.001^*

   TPV (ml)

56.8 ± 28.4

51.4 ± 32.0

60.0 ± 25.5

<0.001^*

   Total I-PSS

19.7 ± 7.6

20.6 ± 8.1

19.2 ± 7.4

0.003^*

   VSS

11.9 ± 5.2

12.3 ± 5.3

11.7 ± 5.1

0.029^*

   SSS

7.8 ± 3.5

8.3 ± 3.7

7.6 ± 3.4

0.001^*

   QoL index

4.2 ± 1.0

4.3 ± 1.0

4.2 ± 1.0

0.207

   Q_max (ml/s)

10.4 ± 4.8

10.6 ± 5.5

10.3 ± 4.6

0.548

   PVR (ml)

73.1 ± 102.5

83.2 ± 117.3

67.2 ± 92.3

0.018^*

   BVE (%)

73.2 ± 24.1

72.0 ± 24.5

73.9 ± 23.9

0.225

   FDV (mL)

187.4 ± 82.5

182.1 ± 90.4

190.4 ± 77.5

0.112

   MCC (mL)

378.8 ± 117.5

405.0 ± 89.5

365.3 ± 127.5

<0.001^*

   IDC

478 (40.1)

148 (33.7)

330 (43.8)

0.028^*

   BOOI

40.6 ± 27.1

35.4 ± 28.2

43.7 ± 26.1

<0.001^*

   BCI

94.6 ± 30.1

88.7 ± 31.4

98.1 ± 28.8

<0.001^*

   Operation time (min)

69.7 ± 37.9

72.1 ± 46.5

68.5 ± 32.5

0.018^*

   Enucleation ratio

0.78 ± 0.47

   Used energy (joules)

102.5 ± 63.5

129.1 ± 90.8

88.7 ± 35.8

<0.001^*