Table 3 Odds ratios (OR) from univariable and multivariable logistic regression models for poor outcome (compared to good outcome) and morphological features in IVCM images from (i) baseline only, (ii) final visit only, or (iii) features that change from being absent in baseline images to being present in final visit images. Models were adjusted for age, gender, baseline ulcer size and time from symptom onset to final visit (for models including final visit data).

From: Cellular morphological changes detected by laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy associated with clinical outcome in fungal keratitis

Morphological Feature

Univariable OR (95% CI)

p-value

Multivariable OR (95% CI)

p-value

(i) Baseline visit only

Stellate cellular processes no nuclei

2.30 (1.04–5.08)

0. 039

2.28 (1.03–5.06)

0.043

Stromal dendritiform cells

2.99 (0.91–9.80)

0.070

2.93 (0.88–9.67)

0.077

(ii) Final visit only

Fungal hyphae

7.25 (3.09–17.02)

<0.001

6.48 (2.50–16.78)

<0.001

Inflammatory cells (honeycomb)

6.42 (2.07–19.89)

<0.001

5.24 (1.44–19.06)

0.012

Scar

0.17 (0.07–0.40)

<0.001

0.20 (0.08–0.54)

0.001

Inflammatory cells (non-specific distribution)

2.50 (0.93–6.76)

0.070

—

—

(iii) Change from baseline to final visit*

Fungal filaments

4.34 (2.07–9.10)

<0.001

3.61 (1.64–7.95)

0.001

Stromal dendritiform cells

2.06 (0.89–4.76)

0.090

2.88 (1.17–7.11)

0.022

Stellate cellular processes with no visible nuclei

1.61 (0.93–2.77)

0.088

2.09 (1.14–3.82)

0.017

Stromal scar

0.27 (0.13–0.54)

<0.001

0.22 (0.10–0.49)

<0.001

Inflammatory cells in honeycomb distribution

2.14 (1.28–3.89)

0.013

—

—

  1. *Conditional logistic regression analysis performed comparing changes within each patient from baseline to final visit (i.e. not between patients).
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