Table 2 Serum treatments for changes in ciGEnC pro-inflammatory gene expression. Age, gender, ethnicity, renal BILAG scores and medications for JSLE patients; age, gender and ethnicity for paediatric healthy controls (N = 10/group).

Age (years) (median [range])

15 [9–17]

14.5 [11–18]

13 [9–17.2]

Age at diagnosis (years) (median [range])

12.4 [6.28–14.48]

11.73 [9.3–15.59]

—

Females (%)

90 (9)

90 (9)

70 (7)

Nationality (%)

0

0

90 (9)

   White British

10 (1)

0

0

   Black British

10 (1)

10 (1)

0

   British

0

30 (3)

0

   Indian

0

10 (1)

0

   Nepalese

10 (1)

30 (3)

0

   Pakistani

10 (1)

0

0

   Bangladeshi

10 (1)

0

0

   Chinese

40 (4)

10 (1)

0

   African

0

10 (1)

0

   Caucasian

10 (1)

0

10 (1)

   Not stated

Renal BILAG score (%)

30% (3)

80% (8)

—

   A

70% (5)

20% (2)

   B

   D

   E

Renal disease manifestations (%)

70 (7)

—

—

   Proteinuria (ACR > 100 mg/mmol)

10 (1)

—

   Nephrotic Syndrome

10 (1)

—

   Renal Hypertension

10 (1)

—

   Low GFR (<80 ml/min/1.73 m²)

10 (1)

—

   Increased plasma creatinine (>130 μmol/ml)

10 (1)

—

   Urine ACR (mg/dL) (median [range])

—

80 (8)

   Previous renal involvement

Biopsy-proven LN (%)

70 (7)

30 (3)

—

LN class (WHO or ISN/RPS) (%)

10 (1)

—

   II

10 (1)

—

   III/IV

—

30 (3)

   IV

10 (1)

—

   IV-C

20 (2)

—

   V

10 (1)

—

   IV/V

10 (1)

—

   Mixed

Medications dosage [range] (patient n-number)

200 mg [200–700] (7)

200 mg [200–300] (7)

—

   Hydroxychloroquine

150 mg [100–300] (3)

100 mg [100–100] (2)

   Azathioprine

1500 mg [1200–2000] (5)

1500 mg [750–2000] (6)

   Mycophenolate mofetil

7.5 mg [2.5–45] (6)

10 mg [2–10] (6)

   Prednisolone

—

20 mg [17.5–22.5] (2)

   Methotrexate (oral)

2000 mg (1), 6 pulses (1)

—

   Rituximab

520 mg/m² (1)

—

   Cyclophosphamide

—

2 g (1)

   IVIG