Table 1 Mean grain yield, its component, and protein concentration as affected by different sowing date and nitrogen application rate at heading in the 2016–2017 crop season.

Sowing date	Nitrogen rate	Grain yield	Grain number	Spike number	Grain number	1000-grain weight	Protein conc.
	(g m⁻² N)	(g m⁻²)	(×10³ m⁻²)	(m⁻²)	(spike⁻¹)	(g)	(%)
Sowing date (S)
Early		483	10.5	642	16.4c	46.0c^†	9.3
Normal		498	10.3	581	17.9b	48.1b	9.8
Late		543	11.0	564	19.6a	49.4a	9.8
Nitrogen rate (N)
	0	506	10.7	586	18.2	47.4b	8.6c
	3	502	10.4	596	17.5	48.2a	9.7b
	6	517	10.8	605	18.1	47.9a	10.5a
S × N
Early	0	476	10.3	597b	17.3	46.1B	8.2
	3	480	10.4	626b	16.7	46.1B	9.6
	6	494	10.8	703aA^‡	15.3	45.8C	10.1
Normal	0	483	10.1	570	17.7	48.0A	8.9
	3	490	10.1	581	17.5	48.4A	9.9
	6	521	10.9	592B	18.4	48.0B	10.7
Late	0	558	11.5	591a	19.5	48.3bA	8.9
	3	537	10.7	581a	18.4	50.0aA	9.7
	6	537	10.7	520bB	20.7	50.0aA	10.9
ANOVA
S		NS^§	NS	NS	*	**	NS
N		NS	NS	NS	NS	**	***
S × N		NS	NS	*	NS	**	NS

*Significant at P < 0.05. **Significant at P < 0.01. ***Significant at P < 0.001. ^†Means within a column followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05). ^‡Means within a column followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) among N application at heading for a given sowing date. Means within a column followed by the same uppercase letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05) among sowing dates for a given N application at heading. ^§Not significant at P < 0.05.

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