Table 1 Coordination between VPD and CO2 on stomatal characteristics.

From: Coordination between vapor pressure deficit and CO2 on the regulation of photosynthesis and productivity in greenhouse tomato production

Treatment

Stomatal density (mm−2)

Stomatal length (μm)

Stomatal width (μm)

HVPD-LCO2

167.2 ± 3.8 c

31.5 ± 0.3 c

22.7 ± 0.2 c

HVPD-HCO2

174.9 ± 5.4 c

31.7 ± 0.3 c

22.9 ± 0.2 c

LVPD-LCO2

208.7 ± 3.7 b

35.4 ± 0.4 a

25.7 ± 0.2 a

LVPD-HCO2

239.0 ± 5.3 a

33.4 ± 0.3 b

23.8 ± 0.2 b

VPD

**

**

**

CO2

**

**

**

VPD × CO2

*

**

**

  1. Values are means ± SE (n = 40). Significant differences between the four treatments were examined using Tukey’s test. Different small letters in a column indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 significance level. *Significant at P < 0.05, indicates the difference was significant; **Significant at P < 0.01, indicates the test factor has an extremely significant effect on the indicator; ns: non-significant difference.
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