Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Experimental and empirical evidence shows that reducing weed control in winter cereal fields is a viable strategy for farmers

Figure 3

Effect size ratio in yield (left column) and gross margin (right column) for each experimental treatment for conventional (CF; blue) in (A,B), and organic (OF; green) farming in (C,D) (medians and 25% and 75% quantiles bars). Effect size ratio quantifies the proportional difference between crop yield or gross margin in control and treatment. A negative value indicates that yield or gross margin is higher in control than in treatment, while a positive value indicates that yield or gross margin is higher in treatment than in control. Stars indicate the treatments that were significantly different from the control (Sign tests). N0, N−, N and N+ indicate no nitrogen, reduced, current (i.e. farmers’ current practice) and increased nitrogen application treatment, respectively. W0, W− and W indicate no, reduced, and current (i.e. farmers’ current practice) weed control respectively. W+ is a treatment with the farmers’ current weeding control supplemented by an additional hand weeding treatment. Number of observations per treatments is shown at the base of each column.

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