Figure 5
Schematic illustration of the proposed mechanism of plastid acquisition in Dinophysis. The model proposed by Bodył (2018)2 was modified. (1) A common ancestor of dinoflagellates, perkinsids, apicomplexans, colpodellids and chromerids acquired plastids from Ochrophyta. (2) The ancestor of peridinin dinoflagellates acquired a haptophyte plastid and evolved into both the peridinin and fucoxanthin dinoflagellates that exist today. (3) Dinophysis retained the original haptophyte plastid or evolved a peridinin plastid and then acquired a new plastid from either haptophytes or Kareniaceae, which possess the original haptophyte plastid. Dinopysis subsequently evolved into two lineages: a lineage that primarily possessed the haptophyte plastid, e.g. Phalacroma mitra, and (4) a lineage that switched from using a haptophyte to using a cryptophyte plastid via Mesodinium.
