Figure 2
Differential PIXE scheme and properties of the laser-driven ion source. (a) Schematic representation of differential PIXE. (b) Snapshot at 267 fs of the macro-protons for the PIC simulation performed with a0 = 4.0. Only the central region of the simulation box is shown and the macro-particles are colored according to their energy. The two black lines indicate the normal to the target surface (\(\hat{n}\)) and a slightly tilted direction (\(\hat{t}\)). (c) Proton energy spectra for all the macro-particles (purple), for the particles propagating along \(\hat{n}\) (light blue) and \(\hat{t}\) (green). (d) Angular and energy distribution of the protons for the PIC simulation performed with a0 = 4.0 (t = 267 fs). Each panel shows the angular distribution at the corresponding energy range.
