Figure 1
From: Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect is Mediated by Mitochondrial DNA in Exosome-Like Vesicles
Induction of DNA damage by ELV obtained from irradiated cells. (A) A schematic view of the experimental protocol. (B) Detection of CD9 and TGS101 proteins in the exosome-like vesicles (ELV) in medium released from control HDFn cells (control cell-conditioned medium: CCCM) or 4 Gy exposed HDFn cells (irradiated cell-conditioned medium: ICCM) by Western blotting. Full-length blots are present in Supplementary Fig. S2. (C) Representative image of PKH67 labeled ELV (green) derived from CCCM or ICCM up-taken by treated HDFn cells, counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) which is blue. (D) Representative images of γH2AX (green) and 53BP1 (red) focus-positive cells treated with CCCM ELV or ICCM ELV treated HDFn cells, counterstained with DAPI. (E) The frequency of DNA damage foci in un-treated cells (control), cells treated with CCCM ELV and cells treated with ICCM ELV. Values are represented as mean ± standard error, with significant differences between indicated groups calculated (*) by Chi-square test (p < 0.01).
