Figure 5
From: Trader as a new optimization algorithm predicts drug-target interactions efficiently
The convergence of the algorithms on different test functions shown by F. For instance, Fi presents ith test function. (a) The average convergence of the algorithms on F1 through F9 and F15. (b) The average convergence of the algorithms on F11 and F12. (c) The convergence of the algorithms on F13. (d) The average convergence of the algorithms on F10, F14, and F16 through F20. Among the test functions, F10, F14, and F16 through F20 are the benchmark functions with the small sizes, but the others have a large number of variables with a higher range. These diagrams show that Trader has more stable behavior than the others on different benchmark functions whereas EPO, TGA, and ION fall into local optima for some of them as F11, F12, and F13. Also, the results state that the performance of the algorithms is almost the same when the size of a problem or the number of variables is small.
