Table 4 PERMANOVA of earthworms (PERMANOVA EW; left) and springtails (PERMANOVA COL; right) and management practices, plant ecological indicators, soil characteristics and garden characteristics as explanatory variables.

	Df	Earthworms			Springtails
	Df	F	R²	P	F	R²	P
Management practices
Management Intensity	1	1.1	0.01	0.37	1.3	0.01	0.18
Water	1	1	0.01	0.43	2.5	0.01	<0.001**
Fertiliser	1	1.8	0.01	0.09	1.4	0.01	0.14
Pesticides	1	0.6	0.01	0.75	1.3	0.01	0.19
Disturbance	1	2.4	0.01	0.02*	1.2	0.01	0.24
Weeding	1	1.6	0.01	0.11	1.8	0.01	0.04*
Plant ecological indicators
Moisture	1	1.5	0.01	0.15	3.7	0.02	<0.001***
Moisture Variability	1	1.9	0.01	0.06	3.7	0.02	<0.001***
Basification	1	1.4	0.01	0.18	2	0.01	0.02*
Nutrients	1	5.9	0.04	<0.001***	5.4	0.03	<0.001***
Humus	1	3	0.02	0.01**	0.6	0.01	0.82
Aeration	1	1.2	0.01	0.29	1.8	0.01	0.05*
Root depth	1	0.6	0.01	0.82	0.7	0.01	0.74
Soil characteristics
Physical measurements
SA	1	1.9	0.01	0.06	1.8	0.01	0.05
PR	1	5.3	0.03	<0.001***	2.3	0.01	0.01**
BD	1	1.1	0.01	0.36	0.7	0.01	0.81
Chemical measurements
Mg	1	2.1	0.01	0.04*	1.3	0.01	0.2
P	1	1.1	0.01	0.32	0.6	0.01	0.81
Fe	1	1.4	0.01	0.17	0.7	0.01	0.81
K	1	2.7	0.02	0.01*	2.5	0.01	<0.001**
pH	1	0.8	0.01	0.55	1.1	0.01	0.36
Mn	1	0.7	0.01	0.72	0.7	0.01	0.79
Biological measurements
C_org	1	0.8	0.01	0.6	0.9	0.01	0.52
C_mic	1	0.6	0.01	0.73	2.1	0.01	0.02*
Fungi	1	0.8	0.01	0.62	1.8	0.01	0.04*
Bacteria	1	0.7	0.01	0.71	0.8	0.01	0.63
Garden characteristics
Land-use type	2	1	0.01	0.41	2.8	0.03	<0.001***
Urbanisation	1	1.4	0.01	0.17	1.8	0.01	0.04*
Residuals	119		0.72			0.69

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