Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Macrophages promote a profibrotic phenotype in orbital fibroblasts through increased hyaluronic acid production and cell contractility

Figure 2

Macrophages stimulate hyaluronic acid (HA) production by orbital fibroblasts. (a) Control (COs) and GO-derived (HOs) orbital fibroblasts (0.74 × 105 cells/ml) were cultured in collagen gels in serum-free medium with macrophages at different ratios, and HA levels were measured from pooled medium and gel digest after 3 days (mean ± SEM; COs: CO4, CO5, CO6, CO7; HOs: HO1, HO2, HO4, HO6(R); 3–4 independent experiments each). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test. Stars directly above HOs bars indicate the comparison between COs and HOs in that fibroblast:macrophage ratio group, Mann-Whitney test. (b) Macrophage-induced HA production is independent of IGF-1R signalling. HO2 cells were cultured with macrophages at 1:2 ratio or in the presence of 20 μM IGF-1, and IGF-1 signalling was blocked by adding IGF-1R blocking antibody 5 μg/ml in medium and 10 μg/ml in gel mix (n = 3, *p < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test).

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