Table 2 Qualitative microbiological analysis for the bacterial survival in powdered infant formula (PIF) contaminated via spoon from artificial skin with moderate bacterial load during the storage.

From: Underestimated Risks of Infantile Infectious Disease from the Caregiver’s Typical Handling Practices of Infant Formula

Time

No. of positive samples in PIF at moderate bacterial load on handx

Cronobacter sakazakii

Salmonella enterica

Staphylococcus aureus

0 h

++++++

++++

+++++

4 h

++++++

++++

+++++

12 h

++++++

+++

+++++

24 h

++++++

+++

+++++

48 h

++++++

++

+++++

72 h

+++++

NDy

++++

2 weeks

+++++

ND

++

3 weeks

+++++

ND

ND

  1. xBacterial cells were recovered by the enrichment of samples in six replications (+: growth on corresponding agar).
  2. yND: Not detected.