Table 3 Qualitative microbiological analysis for the bacterial survival on the surface of spoon contaminated from artificial skin with low bacterial load during storage with powdered infant formula.

From: Underestimated Risks of Infantile Infectious Disease from the Caregiver’s Typical Handling Practices of Infant Formula

Time

No. of positive samples on spoon from low bacterial load on skinx

Cronobacter sakazakii

Salmonella enterica

Staphylococcus aureus

0 h

++++++

+++++

++++++

4 h

++++++

+++++

+++++

12 h

+++++

+++

+++++

24 h

+++++

+++

++++

48 h

+++

++

++

72 h

++

+

++

2 weeks

++

NDy

+

3 weeks

ND

ND

ND

  1. xBacterial cells were recovered by the enrichment of samples in six replications (+: growth on corresponding agar).
  2. yND: Not detected.