Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the overall participants and differences among the 4 groups.

From: Fracture types affect clinical outcomes of patients managed within the fracture liaison and osteoporosis medication management services

 

Total

HF

VF

HF + VF

NO HF/VF

P-value

Basic demographic variables

N

974

166

575

86

147

 

Age (years)

76.1 ± 10.2

79.0 ± 9.8c

77.3 ± 9.6e

76.2 ± 11.0f

68.5 ± 9.4

<0.001

Sex (female)

788 (80.9%)

122 (73.5%)bc

457 (79.5%)e

75 (87.2%)

134 (91.2%)

<0.001

FRAX-related variables

Weight (kg)

54.2 ± 9.9

53.8 ± 10.4

54.9 ± 10.3e

53.3 ± 8.5

52.4 ± 7.9

0.04

Height (cm)

154.2 ± 7.8

156.7 ± 7.7abc

153.6 ± 8.2

152.9 ± 7.0

154.4 ± 6.3

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

22.8 ± 3.8

21.8 ± 3.6ab

23.2 ± 3.9e

22.9 ± 3.6

22.0 ± 3.3

<0.001

History of fracture

808 (83.0%)

166 (100%)abc

555 (96.5%)e

77 (89.5%)

10 (6.8%)

<0.001

Parents hip fracture

75 (7.8%)

16 (9.6%)

40 (7.0%)

3 (3.5%)

16 (10.9%)

0.14

Smoke

20 (2.1%)

7 (4.2%)

9 (1.6%)

3 (3.5%)

1 (0.7%)

0.08

Steroid use

34 (3.5%)

3 (1.8%)

23 (4.0%)

4 (4.7%)

4 (2.7%)

0.49

Rheumatoid arthritis

19 (2.0%)

2 (1.2%)

11 (1.9%)

3 (3.5%)

3 (2.0%)

0.67

Secondary osteoporosis

94 (9.7%)

11 (6.6%)c

49 (8.5%)e

8 (9.3%)

26 (17.7%)

0.04

Alcohol intake >3 units/d

11 (1.1%)

1 (0.6%)

8 (1.4%)

2 (2.3%)

0 (0%)

0.32

FRAX® T-score

−2.81 ± 0.86

−3.14 ± 0.67ac

−2.72 ± 0.85

−2.93 ± 1.29

−2.68 ± 0.67

<0.001

10-yr major osteoporotic fracture risk (with BMD)

22.5 ± 11.5

25.3 ± 11.8c

22.5 ± 10.6e

24.0 ± 11.4f

15.1 ± 8.5

<0.001

10-yr hip fracture risk (with BMD)

11.7 ± 9.6

14.3 ± 10.5ac

11.2 ± 8.4e

12.2 ± 7.7f

7.2 ± 7.2

<0.001

Health-related variables

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

80.0 ± 44.8

90.2 ± 41.2a

74.5 ± 37.9d

107.1 ± 84.4f

69.1 ± 43.6

<0.001

Calcium (mmol/L)

2.3 ± 0.2

2.2 ± 0.2abc

2.3 ± 0.1e

2.3 ± 0.2f

2.4 ± 0.1

<0.001

Albumin (g/dL)

3.9 ± 0.6

3.5 ± 0.5abc

4.0 ± 0.6de

3.8 ± 0.6f

4.4 ± 0.3

<0.001

Phosphate (mg/dL)

3.4 ± 0.7

3.5 ± 0.6

3.4 ± 0.7

3.4 ± 0.5

3.4 ± 0.5

0.65

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1 ± 0.9

1 ± 1.1c

1 ± 0.7d

1.2 ± 1.8f

0.8 ± 0.7

0.01

Comorbidity-related variables

Hypertension

541 (52.5%)

90 (54.2%)

337 (58.6%)e

48 (55.8%)

66 (44.9%)

0.03

Diabetes mellitus

228 (23.4%)

47 (28.3%)c

138 (24.0%)e

23 (26.7%)f

20 (13.6%)

0.01

Heart disease

294 (30.2%)

45 (27.1%)

192 (33.4%)e

26 (30.2%)

31 (21.9%)

0.03

Liver disease

48 (4.9%)

6 (3.6%)

27 (4.7%)

5 (5.8%)

10 (6.8%)

0.59

Chronic kidney disease

81 (8.3%)

19 (11.4%)

52 (9.0%)

4 (4.7%)

6 (3.4%)

0.06

Thyroid disease

89 (9.1%)

7 (4.2%)c

51 (8.9%)e

5 (5.8%)f

26 (17.7%)

<0.001

Parathyroid gland disease

17 (1.7%)

0 (0%)c

9 (1.6%)

1 (1.2%)

7 (4.8%)

0.01

Osteoarthritis

281 (28.9%)

42 (25.3%)

177 (30.8%)

28 (32.6%)

34 (23.1%)

0.17

Psychotic disorders

224 (23.0%)

47 (28.3%)

130 (22.6%)

20 (23.3%)

27 (18.4%)

0.21

Neurologic disease

155 (15.9%)

45 (27.1%)ac

80 (13.9%)

20 (23.3%)f

10 (7.5%)

<0.001

Cancer

101 (10.4%)

25 (15.1%)

52 (9.0%)

10 (11.6%)

14 (9.5%)

0.15

  1. aSignificant difference from “Hip” and “Vertebral”.
  2. bSignificant difference from “Hip” and “Hip + Vertebral”.
  3. cSignificant difference from “Hip” and “No Hip and Vertebral”.
  4. dSignificant difference from “Vertebral” and “Hip + Vertebral”.
  5. eSignificant difference from “Vertebral” and “No Hip and Vertebral”.
  6. fSignificant difference from “Hip + Vertebral” and “No Hip and Vertebral”.
  7. *There are 6 groups in the post-hoc test, so a significant p-value should be less than 0.05/6 = 0.0083.
  8. HF: Patients with only hip fracture.
  9. VF: Patients with only vertebral fracture.
  10. HF + VF: Patients with both hip fracture and vertebral fracture.
  11. NO HF/VF: Patients with neither hip fracture nor vertebral fracture.
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