Table 2 Adjusted OR for selected outcomes by participant characteristics.

Age (years)

1.08***

(1.02–1.13)

1.02*

(1.00–1.06)

0.98***

(0.96–0.99)

0.94***

(0.90–0.98)

Fracture type (reference: NO HF/VF)

HF

6.78**

(3.75–12.84)

1.36*

(1.08–2.65)

0.80***

(0.75–0.85)

0.94**

(0.89–0.98)

VF

3.67*

(2.03–5.95)

1.32*

(1.06–2.23)

0.81***

(0.77–0.87)

0.91***

(0.90–0.95)

0.91**

(0.89–0.95)

HF + VF

4.25*

(2.35–8.06)

1.61*

(1.13–3.42)

0.79***

(0.74–0.84)

0.88***

(0.84–0.94)

BMI (kg/m²) (reference: BMI > 21)

2.06*

(1.22–3.76)

Steroid use

3.70*

(1.12–8.85)

Rheumatoid arthritis

0.45*

(0.20–0.96)

ALP (U/L) (reference: ALP < 100)

0.76*

(0.56–0.94)

Albumin (g/dL) (reference: Alb > 3.8)

2.85*

(1.58–5.39)

1.92*

(1.14–2.55)

1.56*

(1.12~2.16)

Diabetes

1.86*

(1.04–2.47)

Liver disease

0.56*

(0.32–0.94)

0.33*

(0.27–0.89)

Osteoarthritis

1.53**

(1.08–2.67)

1.72*

(1.28–2.25)

Psychosis

3.35*

(2.66~4.14)

Neurologic disease

1.70**

(1.13–3.82)

Cancer

2.13***

(1.32–4.00)

1.56*

(1.11–2.33)