Table 5 Established risk score from GRACE, TIMI STEMI, CADILLAC, PAMI, Zwolle, KAMIR and ACTION.

From: Independent Predictors of Cardiac Mortality and Hospitalization for Heart Failure in a Multi-Ethnic Asian ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Population Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Outcome

SMIR

GRACE12

TIMI-STEMI4

CADILLAC15

PAMI-II16

Zwolle17

KAMIR18

ACTION19

In-hospital, 30-day and 1 year cardiac mortality and 1-year HHF

6-month all-cause mortality

1-year all-cause mortality

1-year all-cause mortality

6-month all-cause mortality

30-day all-cause mortality

1-year AMI mortality

In-hospital all-cause mortality

c-statistic

0.88–0.92

0.82

0.65

0.83

0.78

0.91

0.83

0.88

Age

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

History of diabetes

Yes

 

Yes

 

Yes

 

Yes (admission glucose)

 

History of hypertension

Not significant

 

Yes

     

History of IHD

Yes

 

Yes (angina)

     

BMI/ weight

Not significant

 

Yes (weight)

     

Killip class

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Cardiac arrest

Yes

Yes

     

Yes

Anterior STEMI

Not significant

Yes (ST-segment deviation)

Yes (Anterior or LBBB)

 

Yes (Anterior or LBBB)

Yes

  

Creatinine

Yes

Yes

 

Yes (eGFR <60 ml/min)

  

Yes

Yes (CrCl)

Hemoglobin

Yes

  

Yes (Anemia)

    

Troponin T/I

Yes

Yes

     

Yes

Ischemic time

Yes (>3 hours)

 

Yes (>4 hours)

  

Yes (>4 hours)

  

LVEF during hospitalization

Yes (baseline LVEF <40%)

  

Yes (baseline LVEF <40%)

  

Yes (baseline LVEF <40%)

 

Heart rate

Not available

Yes

Yes

 

Yes

  

Yes

Blood pressure

Not available

Yes

Yes

    

Yes

3-vessel disease

Not available

  

Yes

 

Yes

  

Post PPCI TIMI flow

Not available

  

Yes

 

Yes

  
  1. HHF: hospitalization for heart failure; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; BMI: body mass index; IHD: ischemic heart disease; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PPCI: primary percutaneous coronary intervention; TIMI: thrombolysis in myocardial infarction.