Table 2 Effect of dietary E. faecium 11181 on mRNA expression of TLR signaling pathway-related genes and downstream cytokines (on d 26, 7 DPI) in the jejunum of broiler chickens challenged with NE.

Dosage (g/T)	Treatment¹	TLR-2	MyD88	NF-κB	IL-1β	IL-4	IL-8	IL-10	TNFα	IFN-γ	IFN-γ/IL-4	iNOS	Tollip	A20	PI3K
0	−	1.02	1.00^a	1.00^a	1.02^a	1.04^a	1.09	1.14	1.01	1.05	0.52	1.03^a	1.02	1.01	1.00^ab
200	−	1.26	1.33^b	1.04^ab	0.95^a	1.29^a	0.73	1.13	0.89	1.05	0.37	1.09^a	1.17	1.01	1.08^ab
0	+	1.55	1.27^b	0.89^a	1.39^a	1.30^a	0.68	3.40	0.83	1.59	0.49	1.34^a	0.95	0.80	0.82^a
200	+	2.32	1.27^b	1.22^b	2.44^b	3.16^b	1.30	3.15	0.86	2.13	0.19	2.39^b	1.04	0.89	1.30^b
SEM²		0.112	0.038	0.034	0.125	0.180	0.132	0.224	0.036	0.090	0.028	0.098	0.031	0.018	0.040
Main factors
Non-challenged		1.14^a	1.17	1.02	1.06	0.99	1.17	1.11^b	0.95	1.05^a	0.45	0.91	1.10	1.01^b	1.04
Challenged		1.93^b	1.27	1.06	1.86	1.92	2.23	3.27^a	0.85	1.86^b	0.34	0.99	1.00	0.84^a	1.06
0		1.28^c	1.14	0.95	1.19	1.21	1.17	2.27	0.92	1.32	0.50^a	0.89	0.99	0.90	0.91^a
200		1.79^d	1.30	1.13	1.74	1.70	2.23	2.14	0.88	1.59	0.28^b	1.02	1.11	0.95	1.19^b
Main factors and Interaction ( P- Values) ³
Challenged		0.002	0.184	0.619	0.001	0.008	0.757	0.000	0.169	0.000	0.079	0.001	0.112	0.000	0.788
E. faecium		0.035	0.049	0.014	0.067	0.008	0.635	0.780	0.533	0.140	0.001	0.011	0.067	0.184	0.003
Challenged × E. faecium		0.249	0.048	0.042	0.036	0.036	0.076	0.794	0.302	0.155	0.210	0.020	0.652	0.208	0.019

^a,b,c,dMeans in the same column without common superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05).
¹Co-challenged with Eimeria spp.and C. perfringens; -, without NE challenge; + , with NE challenge.
²SEM, standard error of the mean.
³P-value represents the main effect of the diet, the main effect of NE challenge, and the interaction between the dietary treatments and NE challenge.

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