Table 1 Primers of MAPK signaling cascade genes, pathogenesis-related genes, and biosynthesis genes involved in the FO and CA pathway.

From: Chitosan promoting formononetin and calycosin accumulation in Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades

Gene names

Primer sequences (5′ to 3′)

Product sizes (bp)

MPK3

Forward: TGAGGTGAAGTTCAACGTGAGGTC

167

Reverse: CTGGTGGAAGAGGCAATGGATGAC

MPK6

Forward: TGCTATGCTGGCAAGCTCAATGG

147

Reverse: CCTATGGCACACTCAAGCACTACC

βGlu

Forward: TCCGATTGCCGAGCAGAATTGG

124

Reverse: CGATTGTCCTCCTCCTCCTCCTC

Chi1

Forward: CCAGTCACCTAAGCCATCTTGCC

153

Reverse: ACTCTTCCATCCTGTCCTCTTCCG

PR-1

Forward: GCGTAACGACTGTGCCTTGGAG

98

Reverse: CACTTACTGCCTGTGCTGGATTCC

PAL

Forward: CATCAAATCTCTCTGGCAGTAGGAA

147

Reverse: AGTTCACATCTTGGTTATGCTGCTC

C4H

Forward: AACAAAGTGAGGGATGAAATTGACA

127

Reverse: GGATTGCCATTCTTAGCCTTAGTGT

4CL

Forward: TGTCCCTCCTATTGTTTTGGCTATT

140

Reverse: CTTTGGGGAATTTAGCTCTGACAGT

CHS

Forward: CCTTCTTTGGATGCTAGACAAGACA

188

Reverse: CGAAGACCCAAGAGTTTGGTTAGTT

CHR

Forward: AAACAAGGTTACAGGCATTTTGACA

164

Reverse: GGAAGAACGAGATGAGGATGATTTT

CHI

Forward: ATCGAGTTTTTCCACCAGGATCTAC

154

Reverse: ATCATAGTCTCCAACACAGCCTCAG

IFS

Forward: CCTTCACCTATTGGACAAACCTCTT

172

Reverse: CCTGGTATTAAAGGAAGAAGCCTCA

I3H

Forward: GGATGTTAAAGAAGCGAAGCAATTT

106

Reverse: ATCAAACAATCTCAACAAAGGCAAA

18S

Forward: TGCAGAATCCCGTGAACCATC

104

Reverse: AGGCATCGGGCAACGATATG