Figure 5

The introducing of reproduction ability p on network A slows down evolution of strategies, which makes defectors around the boundary have enough time to obtain more payoffs. Simultaneous time evolution of the differences in utility between cooperators and defectors on networks A (pā=ā0.05, blue) and B (pā=ā0.05, red) and traditional case (pā=ā1, green). Obtained for rā=ā4.0.