Table 1 General characteristics of participants according to indicators of renal damage
Participants with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (N = 635) | Participants with albuminuria (N = 3958) | Participants with DKD (N = 962) | Participants without renal damage (N = 19522) | Total (N = 23869) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 67.4 (14.6) | 58.5 (13.3) | 70.0 (11.1) | 55.7 (12.9) | 56.4 (13.1) |
Men | 262 (41.3%) | 1505 (38.0%) | 369 (38.4%) | 7927 (40.6%) | 9597 (40.2%) |
Education | |||||
≤Primary school | 457 (72.0%) | 2257 (57.0%) | 598 (62.2%) | 9230 (47.3%) | 11774 (49.3%) |
Junior high school | 77 (12.0%) | 1105 (27.9%) | 250 (26.0%) | 6856 (35.1%) | 7999 (33.5%) |
≥Senior high school | 101 (16.0%) | 596 (15.1%) | 113 (11.8%) | 3433 (17.6%) | 4096 (17.2%) |
Per capita monthly income (RMB) | |||||
≤500 | 193 (30.4%) | 1188 (30.0%) | 379 (39.4%) | 5598 (28.7%) | 6911 (29.0%) |
500- | 61 (9.6%) | 933 (23.6%) | 229 (23.8%) | 5237 (26.8%) | 6202 (26.0%) |
≥1000 | 182 (28.7%) | 1272 (32.1%) | 284 (29.6%) | 6335 (32.5%) | 7749 (32.5%) |
Current smoker | 75 (11.8%) | 594 (15%) | 127 (13.2%) | 3507 (18.0%) | 4146 (17.4%) |
Habitual drinker | 54 (8.5%) | 523 (13.2%) | 115 (12.0%) | 3194 (16.4%) | 3752 (15.7%) |
Dietary pattern | |||||
Diet rich in fruits and vegetables | 226 (35.6%) | 1648 (41.6%) | 368 (38.3%) | 8471 (43.4%) | 10258 (43.0%) |
High fat diet | 45 (7.1%) | 575 (14.5%) | 131 (13.6%) | 3681 (18.9%) | 4279 (17.9%) |
Physical activity | |||||
Low | 421 (66.3%) | 1732 (43.8%) | 466 (48.5%) | 7135 (36.6%) | 9132 (38.3%) |
Moderate | 84 (13.2%) | 1289 (32.6%) | 289 (30.1%) | 7336 (37.6%) | 8668 (36.3%) |
High | 130 (20.5%) | 937 (23.7%) | 206 (21.4%) | 5048 (25.9%) | 6069 (25.4%) |
Self-reported HBV infection | 0 (0.0%) | 33 (0.8%) | 5 (0.5%) | 168 (0.9%) | 201 (0.8%) |
Hypertension | 283 (44.6%) | 1865 (47.1%) | 520 (54.1%) | 4887 (25.0%) | 6899 (28.9%) |
Dyslipidemia | 102 (16.1%) | 1354 (34.2%) | 456 (47.5%) | 5227 (26.8%) | 6628 (27.8%) |
Hyperuricemia | 177 (27.9%) | 458 (11.6%) | 103 (10.7%) | 1262 (6.5%) | 1814 (7.6%) |
Diabetes | 126 (19.8%) | 908 (23.0%) | NA | 1748 (9.0%) | 2710 (11.4%) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 (3.7) | 25.0 (3.9) | 25.7 (3.8) | 24.3 (3.4) | 24.4 (3.5) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.2 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.1) | 5.1 (1.2) | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.6 (1.0) |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.8) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.2) |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.0 (0.9) | 3.0 (1.0) | 2.9 (0.8) | 2.9 (0.8) |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.4 (2.2) | 6.0 (2.4) | 9.1 (3.1) | 5.3 (1.4) | 5.4 (1.7) |
Uric acid (µmol/L) | 334.6 (122.5) | 287.1 (95.7) | 282.6 (117.1) | 272.2 (78.9) | 275.5 (83.1) |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 149.0 (110.7) | 69.4 (37.8) | 74.5 (54.1) | 62.7 (13.9) | 65.2 (26.7) |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 45.5 (14.4) | 92.7 (19.4) | 89.2 (23.3) | 99.0 (13.6) | 97.1 (16.3) |
ACR (mg/g) | 22.4 (13.1-59) | 52.6 (37.7-92.7) | 60.2 (38.8-116.9) | 9.3 (4.5-15.3) | 11.5 (5.5-21.8) |
