Table 3 General characteristics of participants with diabetes according to indicators of renal damage.

From: Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese rural residents: a cross-sectional survey

 

Participants with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (N = 126)

Participants with albuminuria (N = 908)

Participants without renal damage (N = 1748)

Total (N = 2710)

Age

67.5 (12.6)

60.6 (10.7)

60.3 (10.0)

60.6 (10.4)

Men

59 (44.4%)

345 (38.0%)

634 (36.3%)

1003 (37%)

Education

   ≤Primary school

85 (67.5%)

562 (61.9%)

1005 (57.5%)

1604 (59.2%)

   Junior high school

21 (16.7%)

242 (26.7%)

505 (28.9%)

755 (27.9%)

   ≥Senior high school

20 (15.9%)

104 (11.5%)

237 (13.6%)

350 (12.9%)

*Per capita monthly income (RMB)

   ≤500

35 (27.8%)

278 (30.6%)

591 (33.8%)

885 (32.7%)

   500-

12 (9.5%)

226 (24.9%)

427 (24.4%)

656 (24.2%)

   ≥1000

37 (29.4%)

268 (29.5%)

550 (31.5%)

835 (30.8%)

   Current smoker

18 (14.3%)

120 (13.2%)

219 (12.5%)

346 (12.8%)

   Habitual drinker

12 (9.5%)

110 (12.1%)

215 (12.3%)

330 (12.2%)

Dietary pattern

   Diet rich in fruits and vegetables

44 (34.9%)

351 (38.7%)

625 (35.8%)

993 (36.7%)

   High fat diet

8 (6.3%)

128 (14.1%)

269 (15.4%)

400 (14.8%)

Physical activity

   Low

81 (64.3%)

431 (47.5%)

718 (41.1%)

1185 (43.7%)

   Moderate

15 (11.9%)

284 (31.3%)

635 (36.3%)

924 (34.1%)

   High

30 (23.8%)

193 (21.3%)

394 (22.6%)

600 (22.1%)

   Awareness of diabetes

62 (49.2%)

489 (53.9%)

1060 (60.7%)

1579 (58.3%)

   Control of diabetes

57 (45.2%)

187 (20.6%)

531 (30.4%)

748 (27.6%)

   Self-reported HBV infection

0 (0.0%)

5 (0.6%)

14 (0.8%)

19 (0.7%)

   Hypertension

67 (53.2%)

493 (54.3%)

642 (36.7%)

1163 (42.9%)

   Dyslipidemia

28 (22.2%)

446 (49.1%)

787 (45.0%)

1243 (45.9%)

   Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.4 (3.7)

25.8 (3.8)

25.4 (3.6)

25.5 (3.7)

   Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.1 (1.3)

5.1 (1.2)

4.9 (1.1)

4.9 (1.1)

   Triglyceride (mmol/L)

2.0 (1.3)

2.4 (1.9)

2.1 (1.5)

2.2 (1.6)

   LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.1 (1.0)

3.0 (1.0)

3.0 (0.9)

3.0 (0.9)

   HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.4 (0.4)

1.2 (0.3)

1.3 (0.3)

1.3 (0.3)

   FPG (mmol/L)

8.2 (3.5)

9.2 (3.1)

8.4 (3.0)

8.7 (3.1)

   Uric acid (µmol/L)

342.4 (161.2)

280.3 (113.1)

266.6 (81.7)

272.4 (96.2)

   Creatinine (µmol/L)

118 (100.8–166)

69.3 (40.6)

59.5 (14.0)

59 (50–71)

   eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

42.0 (15.4)

91.8 (20.9)

97.7 (12.8)

94.7 (17.8)

   ACR (mg/g)

39.4 (17.0–176.3)

64.2 (41.3–122.2)

12.9 (7.8)

18.7 (9.2–41.7)

  1. Note: Data were n (%), mean (standard deviation) or median with interquartile range, as appropriate.
  2. Abbreviations: DKD, diabetic kidney disease; HBV, hepatitis B virus; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; ACR, albumin: creatinine ratio.
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