Figure 1

Phylogenetic analysis of the mussel and other metazoan α-CA. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Bayesian inference (BI) and built in MrBayes 3.2 and branch support values (posterior probability values) are shown. Three subsets of the same phylogenetic tree showing the expansion of the different family members (A) (Mollusca-specific, blue), (B) (CARP, pink and Cytosolic/Mitochondrial, green) and (C) (Membrane associated/Secreted, orange) are represented to facilitate interpretation of the four major α-CA clusters. The Mediterranean mussel (Mg) and hard-shelled mussel (Mc) sequences are highlighted in bold and the mussel cluster is indicated with a dashed box. The oyster (Cg) sequences are indicated with “*” and have been shown to be involved in shell formation41. The tree was rooted with the sponge α-CA members (data not shown). The posterior probability values >0.90 at major branches are shown. Description of sequence abbreviations and accession numbers are in Supplementary Table 2. A similar tree was obtained with the ML method (Supplementary Figure 1).