Figure 3

The relative abundances of three main bacterial phyla according to perinatal antibiotic exposure in infants: Bacteroidetes (A), Firmicutes (B), and Proteobacteria (C). The box-plots indicate the median value, interquartile range, and range in control (NN), IAP (YN), in postnatal (NY),and IAP + Postnatal groups (YY). At selected time points, the differences between groups were compared with Kruskal-Wallis test and if P < 0.05 with post hoc tests.