Figure 1

Synchronized dynamics of the STN-GPe neuronal populations (1)–(4) and its suppression by continuous HF DBS. (A) Time courses of the order parameter R of STN neurons without stimulation (\({I}_{{\rm{stim}}}=0\) in equation (1), upper black curve) and stimulated by cDBS for different widths of the interphase gap as indicated in the legend. The stimulation starts at \(t=20\,{\rm{s}}\) as indicated by the vertical dashed line with parameter of the stimulation intensity \(K=2\). (B–E) Examples of raster spike plots of STN neurons (blue dots) for (B) \(K=0\) (no stimulation) and (C–E) \(K=2\) and interphase gap (C) \(GW=0\,{\rm{ms}}\), and (D) 2 ms, and (E) 5 ms. Black and red curves depict raw and filtered LFP, respectively, scaled by the factor 1000.