Figure 2

(a) Bottom topography in the region inside the red rectangle in Fig. 1a. S0 is the observational section². (b) Monthly eastward volume transport across sections S1 (+) and S2 (×) in (a), their sum (black line), and the SSH difference between the Bungo and Kii Channels (red line) for NTIDE. SSH of the Bungo (Kii) Channel is calculated by averaging SSH values next to the coast between 32.9°N and 33.1°N (33.7°N and 33.9°N). Barometric pressure correction is applied in calculating SSH. (c) Same as (b) but for TIDE. (d) Monthly eastward volume transport across sections S1 and S2 in (a) for TIDE (lower bound of shading), NTIDE (upper bound of shading), and additional experiments (lines). (e) Contribution of enhanced vertical mixing by tides (blue) and tidal residual eddies (red) to the reduction of the volume transport of the throughflow. The former (latter) is estimated by the difference of the volume transport between NTIDE_DV0 and NTIDE_DV (NTIDE_DV and NTIDE_DVA). The error bars are drawn based on the larger magnitude of the differences of the volume transport between NTIDE_DV0 and NTIDE, and between TIDE and NTIDE_DVA. These values are normalized by the difference of the volume transport between NTIDE_DV0 and NTIDE_DVA. This figure was prepared with Matplotlib²⁷ (version 2.2.2) package in Anaconda (version 5.2.0, https://www.anaconda.com/).