Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with NAFLD with or without HCC.

From: Altered serum acylcarnitine profile is associated with the status of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Variable

Over all (n = 241)

HCC (n = 23)

Non-HCC (n = 218)

p value

Gender, male, n (%)

135 (56)

14 (61)

121 (56)

0.66

Age (year)

58 (45–67)

72 (65–76)

55 (44–65)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

28.3 (25.5–31.2)

28.0 (25.4–29.6)

28.3 (25.6–31.2)

0.73

Platelet count (×103/μL)

211 (166–244)

126 (83–182)

215 (173–250)

<0.001

Albumin (g/dL)

4.0 (3.7–4.2)

3.4 (3.2–4.0)

4.0 (3.8–4.2)

<0.001

AST (IU/L)

39 (28–60)

35 (27–39)

40 (28–62)

0.14

ALT (IU/L)

53 (33–86)

25 (19–33)

57 (37–91)

<0.001

Fibrosis (0/1/2/3/4), n (%)

38/74/41/63/25 (16/31/17/26/10)

1/0/2/10/10 (4/0/9/43/43)

37/74/39/53/15 (17/34/18/24/7)

<0.001

Steatosis (1/2/3), n (%)

133/73/35 (55/30/15)

21/1/2 (91/4/4)

112/72/34 (51/33/16)

<0.001

Lobular inflammation (0/1/2/3), n (%)

16/152/67/6 (7/63/28/2)

1/18/4/0 (4/78/17/0)

15/134/63/6 (7/61/29/3)

0.56

Hepatocyte ballooning (0/1/2), n (%)

74/117/50 (31/49/20)

6/13/4 (26/57/17)

68/104/46 (31/48/21)

0.8

Total Acylcarnitine (enzymatic cycling method) (μmol/L)

9.7 (8.0–11.5)

10.2 (9.5–13.2)

9.6 (7.9–11.2)

0.01

Free carnitine (enzymatic cycling method) (μmol/L)

53.7 (48.7–58.3)

56.5 (44.7–59.0)

53.4 (48.7–58.2)

0.69

Acylcarnitine species (LC-MS/MS)

C0 (μmol/L)

50.6 (42.8–55.9)

51 (40.3–60.7)

50.6 (43.1–55.8)

0.86

AC2:0 (μmol/L)

7.31 (5.98–9.23)

7.16 (6.24–8.83)

7.36 (5.93–9.26)

0.94

AC3:0 (μmol/L)

0.423 (0.355–0.524)

0.466 (0.371–0.578)

0.422 (0.352–0.52)

0.38

AC4:0 (μmol/L)

0.153 (0.124–0.188)

0.149 (0.113–0.178)

0.153 (0.126–0.188)

0.42

AC5:0 (μmol/L)

0.072 (0–0.091)

0.06 (0–0.075)

0.073 (0–0.092)

0.03

AC6:0 (μmol/L)

0 (0–0.05)

0 (0–0.063)

0 (0–0.056)

0.45

AC8:0 (μmol/L)

0.089 (0.066–0.138)

0.09 (0.079–0.116)

0.08 (0.065–0.139)

0.38

AC10:0 (μmol/L)

0.134 (0.093–0.219)

0.134 (0.115–0.172)

0.134 (0.09–0.219)

0.48

AC12:0 (μmol/L)

0 (0–0.064)

0 (0–0.063)

0 (0–0.064)

0.98

AC14:1 (μmol/L)

0.062 (0.085–0.116)

0.097 (0.081–0.131)

0.085 (0.015–0.11)

0.08

AC16:0 (μmol/L)

0.114 (0.098–0.136)

0.114 (0.103–0.134)

0.114 (0.098–0.135)

0.64

AC18:0 (μmol/L)

0.042 (0.035–0.048)

0.038 (0.034–0.046)

0.042 (0.035–0.048)

0.4

AC18:1 (μmol/L)

0.661 (0.554–0.807)

0.73 (0.645–0.87)

0.649 (0.543–0.805)

0.03

Tumor status

Tumor size (cm)

 

2.1 (1.8–2.8)

  

Number of nodules (Solitary/2 or 3 nodules), n (%)

 

16/7 (70/30)

  
  1. Data are expressed as median (25th–75th percentiles) unless otherwise indicated. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; BMI, body mass index; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase.
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