Figure 5

Soil contents of ammonium (A) and nitrate (B) under different treatments: (T1) native species without Periandra mediterranea and no invasion; (T2) native species plus P. mediterranea and no invasion; (T3) native species plus P. mediterranea and ≤50% invasion by Melinis minutiflora; (T4) native species plus P. mediterranea and >50% invasion. Means values ± SE (standard error) with different letters are significantly different according to Kruskal-Wallis and Nemenyi tests at 5% confidence level (p ≤ 0.05). NS: No significant differences.